COS2626 Exam notes

COS2626 Exam notes Structured Cabling CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER 2 Networking Standards and the OSI Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 CHAPTER 3 Transmission Basics and Networking Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 CHAPTER 4 Introduction to TCP/IP Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 CHAPTER 5 Topologies and Ethernet Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 CHAPTER 6 Network Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 CHAPTER 7 WANs and Remote Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 CHAPTER 8 Wireless Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 CHAPTER 9 Network Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 CHAPTER 10 In-Depth TCP/IP Networking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 CHAPTER 11 Voice and Video Over IP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 CHAPTER 14 Ensuring Integrity and Availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 iii 2Chapter 1 • Client – devices and users that connects to the network • Server—A computer on the network that manages shared resources; servers usually have more processing power, memory, and hard disk space than clients. • Workstation—A personal computer (such as a desktop or laptop); most clients are workstation computers. • NIC (network interface card) —The device inside a computer that connects a computer to the network media, thus allowing it to communicate with other computers; many companies (such as 3Com, IBM, Intel, SMC, and Xircom) • NOS (network operating system) —The software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. Examples Microsoft Windows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008, and Mac OS X Server. • Host—A computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network • Connectivity device—A specialized device that allows multiple networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data. A client/server network can operate without connectivity devices. However, medium- and large-sized LANs use them to extend the network and to connect with WANs. • Segment—A part of a network. Usually, a segment is composed of a group of nodes that use the same communications channel for all their traffic. • Backbone—The part of a network to which segments and significant shared devices (such as routers, switches, and servers) connect. A backbone is sometimes referred to as “a network of networks, ” because of its role in interconnecting smaller parts of a LAN or WAN. • Topology—The physical layout of a computer network. Topologies vary according to the needs of the organization and available hardware and expertise. Networks can be arranged in a ring, bus, or star formation, and the star formation is the most common. • Protocol—A standard method or format for communication between networked devices. A protocol is simply a set of instructions written by a programmer to perform a function. • Data packets—The distinct units of data that are exchanged between nodes on a network. Breaking a large stream of data into many packets allows a network to deliver that data more efficiently and reliably. • Transmission media—The means through which data is transmitted and received. Transmission media may be physical, such as wire or cable, or atmospheric (wireless), such as radio waves. Figure 1-8 shows several examples of transmission media. Chapter Summary ■ A network is a group of computers and other devices (such as printers) that are connected by some type of transmission media, such as copper or fibre-optic cable or the atmosphere (wireless transmission). ■ Networks enable multiple users to share devices and data. Sharing resources saves time and money. Networks also allow you to manage, or administer, resources on multiple computers from a central location. ■ In a peer-to-peer network, every compu