Muscles Origin Insertion Action Notes
Superficial and Deep
Lateral Neck Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid Sternal: Mastoid process Unilaterally:
manubrium of of temporal Ipsilateral lateral
sternum bone flexion
Clavicular: medial Unilaterally:
1/3rd of clavicle Contralateral
axial rotation
Fixed neck allows
elevation of
thoracic cage,
accessory
respiratory
muscle
Anterior Scalene Anterior scalene tubercle Unilaterally:
tubercles TP C3 - 1st rib Lateral flexion of
C6 neck
Bilaterally:
Flexion of neck
Fixed neck allows
elevation of 1st
costal, accessory
respiratory
muscle
Middle Scalene Posterior 1st rib Unilaterally:
tubercles TP C2 - Lateral flexion of
C7 neck
Bilaterally:
Flexion of neck
Fixed neck allows
elevation of 1st
costal, accessory
respiratory
muscle
Posterior Scalene Posterior 2nd rib Unilaterally:
tubercles TP C5 - Lateral flexion of
C7 neck
Fixed neck allows
elevation of 2nd
costal, accessory
respiratory
muscle
, Anterior
Compartment of the
Brachium
Biceps Brachii (long Long head: Radial Flexion of the
and short heads) supraglenoid tuberosity & elbow jt
tubercle & GH bicipital
labrum aponeurosis Supination of
forearm
Short head:
coracoid process (Long Head)
of scapula Flexion of the GH
jt
Coracobrachialis Coracoid process Medial shaft of Flexion of the GH
of scapula humerus jt
Adduction of the
GH jt
Internal
Rotation of the
GH jt
Brachialis Anterior distal ½ Ulnar tuberosity Flexion of the
of humerus and coronoid elbow jt
process of ulna
Triceps brachii (long Infraglenoid Olecranon Extension of the
head) tubercle & neck process of ulna elbow jt
of scapula
Extension of the
GH jt
Adduction of the
GH jt
Triceps brachii Upper half of Olecranon Extension of the
(lateral head) posterior surface process of ulna elbow jt
of shaft of
humerus
Triceps brachii Posterior shaft of Olecranon Extension of the
(medial head) humerus process of ulna elbow jt
Anconeus Lateral Lateral Extension of the
epicondyle of posterior elbow jt
humerus olecranon
process
Superficial and Deep
Lateral Neck Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid Sternal: Mastoid process Unilaterally:
manubrium of of temporal Ipsilateral lateral
sternum bone flexion
Clavicular: medial Unilaterally:
1/3rd of clavicle Contralateral
axial rotation
Fixed neck allows
elevation of
thoracic cage,
accessory
respiratory
muscle
Anterior Scalene Anterior scalene tubercle Unilaterally:
tubercles TP C3 - 1st rib Lateral flexion of
C6 neck
Bilaterally:
Flexion of neck
Fixed neck allows
elevation of 1st
costal, accessory
respiratory
muscle
Middle Scalene Posterior 1st rib Unilaterally:
tubercles TP C2 - Lateral flexion of
C7 neck
Bilaterally:
Flexion of neck
Fixed neck allows
elevation of 1st
costal, accessory
respiratory
muscle
Posterior Scalene Posterior 2nd rib Unilaterally:
tubercles TP C5 - Lateral flexion of
C7 neck
Fixed neck allows
elevation of 2nd
costal, accessory
respiratory
muscle
, Anterior
Compartment of the
Brachium
Biceps Brachii (long Long head: Radial Flexion of the
and short heads) supraglenoid tuberosity & elbow jt
tubercle & GH bicipital
labrum aponeurosis Supination of
forearm
Short head:
coracoid process (Long Head)
of scapula Flexion of the GH
jt
Coracobrachialis Coracoid process Medial shaft of Flexion of the GH
of scapula humerus jt
Adduction of the
GH jt
Internal
Rotation of the
GH jt
Brachialis Anterior distal ½ Ulnar tuberosity Flexion of the
of humerus and coronoid elbow jt
process of ulna
Triceps brachii (long Infraglenoid Olecranon Extension of the
head) tubercle & neck process of ulna elbow jt
of scapula
Extension of the
GH jt
Adduction of the
GH jt
Triceps brachii Upper half of Olecranon Extension of the
(lateral head) posterior surface process of ulna elbow jt
of shaft of
humerus
Triceps brachii Posterior shaft of Olecranon Extension of the
(medial head) humerus process of ulna elbow jt
Anconeus Lateral Lateral Extension of the
epicondyle of posterior elbow jt
humerus olecranon
process
