Cerebrovascular Disease and Trauma
ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO THE BRAIN
Internal Carotid Arteries Vertebral Arteries Cerebral Arteries
Arise in the neck from the Arise as the first branch of the Anterior cerebral artery supplies
common carotid arteries subclavian artery most of the medial and superior
surfaces of the brain and the
frontal pole (part of the anterior
circulation)
Ascend vertically through the Ascends through the transverse Middle cerebral artery
neck and then passes through the foramina of C6 to C1 (usually) supplies the lateral surfaces of
carotid canal in the petrous part Above C1, it curls posteriorly and the brain and most of the
of the temporal bone medially, within the sub occipital temporal pole (part of the
triangle anterior circulation)
Terminal branches are the It then perforates the dura Posterior cerebral artery
anterior and middle cerebral mater and passes through the supplies the inferior surface of
arteries foramen magnum the brain, including parts of the
temporal lobe, and the occipital
pole (part of the posterior
Anterior cerebral arteries are The intracranial parts of the circulation)
connected by the anterior vertebral arteries unite anterior to
communicating artery the pons to form the basilar artery
Near their termination, the The basilar artery gives rise to
internal carotid arteries are joined varies arteries that supply the
to the posterior cerebral arteries brainstem and cerebellum, and
by the posterior communicating ends by dividing into the two
arteries posterior cerebral arteries
Vascular territories of the brain
Vascular territories of the brain Vascular territories of the brain that arise from the vertebral
that arise from the internal that arise from the vertebral arteries are commonly referred
carotid arteries are commonly arteries are commonly referred to to as the posterior circulation.
referred to as the anterior as the posterior circulation.
circulation.
, Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)
Formed in an A-P direction by the:
1. Anterior communicating artery
2. Anterior cerebral arteries
3. Internal carotid arteries
4. Posterior communicating arteries
5. Posterior cerebral arteries
MENINGES
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
Form the major dural folds Normally tightly adhered to Closely follows and adheres
in the brain – falx cerebri, the dura mater to the folds of the brain
tentorium cerebelli, falx
cerebelli
Cerebrospinal fluid is
Contains veins and venous contained in the subarachnoid
sinuses space
STROKE
sudden interruption to the blood supply to the brain
1. Ischaemia 2. Haemorrhage
- blockage of blood supply - burst blood vessel allowing blood into the
brain tissue
account for 90% of strokes account for 10% of strokes, but 40% of deaths
from stroke
You cannot distinguish between the two by history and neurologic examination, but CT and MRI
permits definitive diagnosis
STATISTICS ON STROKE
ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO THE BRAIN
Internal Carotid Arteries Vertebral Arteries Cerebral Arteries
Arise in the neck from the Arise as the first branch of the Anterior cerebral artery supplies
common carotid arteries subclavian artery most of the medial and superior
surfaces of the brain and the
frontal pole (part of the anterior
circulation)
Ascend vertically through the Ascends through the transverse Middle cerebral artery
neck and then passes through the foramina of C6 to C1 (usually) supplies the lateral surfaces of
carotid canal in the petrous part Above C1, it curls posteriorly and the brain and most of the
of the temporal bone medially, within the sub occipital temporal pole (part of the
triangle anterior circulation)
Terminal branches are the It then perforates the dura Posterior cerebral artery
anterior and middle cerebral mater and passes through the supplies the inferior surface of
arteries foramen magnum the brain, including parts of the
temporal lobe, and the occipital
pole (part of the posterior
Anterior cerebral arteries are The intracranial parts of the circulation)
connected by the anterior vertebral arteries unite anterior to
communicating artery the pons to form the basilar artery
Near their termination, the The basilar artery gives rise to
internal carotid arteries are joined varies arteries that supply the
to the posterior cerebral arteries brainstem and cerebellum, and
by the posterior communicating ends by dividing into the two
arteries posterior cerebral arteries
Vascular territories of the brain
Vascular territories of the brain Vascular territories of the brain that arise from the vertebral
that arise from the internal that arise from the vertebral arteries are commonly referred
carotid arteries are commonly arteries are commonly referred to to as the posterior circulation.
referred to as the anterior as the posterior circulation.
circulation.
, Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)
Formed in an A-P direction by the:
1. Anterior communicating artery
2. Anterior cerebral arteries
3. Internal carotid arteries
4. Posterior communicating arteries
5. Posterior cerebral arteries
MENINGES
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
Form the major dural folds Normally tightly adhered to Closely follows and adheres
in the brain – falx cerebri, the dura mater to the folds of the brain
tentorium cerebelli, falx
cerebelli
Cerebrospinal fluid is
Contains veins and venous contained in the subarachnoid
sinuses space
STROKE
sudden interruption to the blood supply to the brain
1. Ischaemia 2. Haemorrhage
- blockage of blood supply - burst blood vessel allowing blood into the
brain tissue
account for 90% of strokes account for 10% of strokes, but 40% of deaths
from stroke
You cannot distinguish between the two by history and neurologic examination, but CT and MRI
permits definitive diagnosis
STATISTICS ON STROKE
