Emergency Care 13th Edition By Daniel J. Limmer - Test Bank

Emergency Care 13th Edition By Daniel J. Limmer -Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is the inferior-most portion of the sternum? 1) A) Sternal notch B) Manubrium C) Body D) Xiphoid process Answer: D Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The sternal notch is located at the superior part of the sternum. B) INCORRECT. The manubrium is the superior-most part of the sternum. C) INCORRECT. The term body does not describe the inferior-most part of the sternum. D) CORRECT. The inferior portion of the sternum is called the xiphoid process. 2) What is another name for the shoulder blade? 2) A) Clavicle B) Patella C) Pharynx D) Scapula Answer: D Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The clavicle is also known as the collar bone. B) INCORRECT. The kneecap is called the patella. C) INCORRECT. The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose is known as the pharynx. D) CORRECT. The scapula is also known as the shoulder blade. 3) Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the venae cavae? 3) A) Left atrium B) Right ventricle C) Right atrium D) Left ventricle Answer: C Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The left atrium receives the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. B) INCORRECT. The right ventricle receives blood from the chamber above it, the right atrium. C) CORRECT. The venae cavae are the two large veins that return blood to the heart. The right atrium receives this blood and, upon contraction, sends it to the right ventricle. D) INCORRECT. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the chamber above it, the left atrium. 1 4) What causes the “seesaw” breathing pattern of young children? 4) A) They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty. B) The cricoid cartilage and trachea are both more flexible than in adults, making breathing more difficult. C) The size of their tongues in proportion to their mouths. D) The pronounced inward curvature at the bottom of the ribcage. Answer: A Explanation: A) CORRECT. The chest wall of a child is softer and more flexible, so infants and children tend to rely more on the diaphragm when they are having breathing difficulty. This causes the visible “seesaw” breathing pattern in which the chest and abdomen alternate movement. B) INCORRECT. Although a child’s cricoid cartilage and trachea are softer and more flexible than those of an adult, they generally will not cause a “seesaw” breathing pattern. C) INCORRECT. The proportionally larger tongues of children do not contribute to the “seesaw” breathing pattern. D) INCORRECT. The bottom of a child’s ribcage is not as inwardly curved as an adult’s; this can make breathing more difficult, but it doesn’t create the “seesaw” pattern. 5) Failure of the liver would result in which of the following? 5) A) Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream B) Inability to filter out old and damaged blood cells C) Inability to secrete insulin D) None of the above Answer: A Explanation: A) CORRECT. The liver detoxifies harmful substances from the blood, stores sugar, and assists in the production of blood products. B) INCORRECT. Old and damaged blood cells are filtered out by the spleen. C) INCORRECT. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas. D) INCORRECT. One of the answers provided is correct. 6) What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs? 6) A) Aorta B) Venae cavae C) Pulmonary veins D) Pulmonary artery Answer: D Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The aorta is the largest artery and it carries oxygenated blood to the body. B) INCORRECT. The venae cavae are the two large veins that return blood to the heart. C) INCORRECT. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. D) CORRECT. When the right ventricle contracts, it pumps this blood out to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. 2 7) What is the strongest and most muscular part of the heart? 7) A) Left ventricle B) Right atrium C) Left atrium D) Right ventricle Answer: A Explanation: A) CORRECT. The left ventricle is the most muscular and strongest part of the heart. B) INCORRECT. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood back from the body and doesn’t require much strength. C) INCORRECT. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and moves it into the left ventricle. It is not the most muscular part of the heart. D) INCORRECT. The right ventricle only needs to pump blood from the heart to the lungs. 8) Which organ is the principal organ of the renal system? 8) A) Ureter B) Kidney C) Urethra D) Bladder Answer: B Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The ureters are small tubes that connect to the kidneys but they are not considered the primary organ. B) CORRECT. The kidneys are considered the principal organs of the renal system. C) INCORRECT. The urethra is how urine is excreted from the bladder to the outside, but it is not considered the primary organ of the renal system. D) INCORRECT. The bladder is an organ of the renal system but it is not considered the primary organ. 9) You have been dispatched to the site of a construction accident where a 36-year-old male patient was moderately cut by some machinery. His left arm has a 4″ deep laceration that appears to have stopped bleeding with the gauze and direct pressure applied by his coworkers. Your knowledge of physiology suggests that which component of blood was partially responsible for forming clotting factors to stop the bleeding? 9) A) Platelets B) Red blood cells C) Plasma D) White blood cells Answer: A Explanation: A) CORRECT. Platelets are specialized cells that release chemical clotting factors when activated. These clotting factors are needed in order to form blood clots. B) INCORRECT. Red blood cells primarily function to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) INCORRECT. Plasma is the watery portion of blood. D) INCORRECT. White blood cells primarily play a role in helping the body resist infection. 10) What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to hemorrhage? 10) A) Decreased production of carbon dioxide B) Decreased ability to fight infection C) Decrease in pulse rate D) Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues Answer: D Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Carbon dioxide production is not initially impacted by red blood cell loss. B) INCORRECT. Red blood cells do not fight infection. C) INCORRECT. Generally, pulse rates initially rise as blood is lost through hemorrhaging. D) CORRECT. Since red blood cells supply oxygen to the tissues, any significant loss of these cells can reduce oxygenation in the body. 3 11) The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms? 11) A) Absorption of oxygen from the blood returning from the lungs B) Coronary veins that branch off the pulmonary vein as it returns oxygenated blood to the heart C) Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta D) None of the above Answer: C Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Oxygenated blood does not return from the lungs directly to cardiac muscle. B) INCORRECT. Coronary veins carry deoxygenated blood from the cardiac muscle. C) CORRECT. The heart muscle has its own blood supply through the coronary artery system. D) INCORRECT. One of the answers provided is correct. 12) Which of the following structures or tissues is NOT part of the musculoskeletal system? 12) A) Tendons B) Acetabulum C) Ligaments D) Fat Answer: D Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Tendons are the fibrous structures that connect muscle to bone. B) INCORRECT. The acetabulum is the socket of the hip joint. C) INCORRECT. Ligaments are the tissues that connect bone to bone. D) CORRECT. Fat, also called adipose tissue, is not part of the musculoskeletal system. 13) What is the bone on the thumb side of the forearm? 13) A) Ulna B) Acromion C) Fibula D) Radius Answer: D