1. A virus is classified as a microbe.
True. Although viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms,
they can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes
microorganisms and viruses.
2. True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule.
False. The smallest biological unit of life is the cell.
3. What are the 4 main types of macromolecules found in cells?
Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides
1. How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins?
20
2. Define an essential amino acid.
An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human body and as such must be
take in from the environment through alternative sources (i.e) food.
1. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?
There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA
(ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information
within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible
for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering
the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
1. Complete the following DNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed for each
complementary pair:
3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CC AGC 3’
,3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CCAGTAGC 3’
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.
1. The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A. Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell
B. Is often a triple layer comprised of lipids
C. Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing outward
A and C
2. How many carbon atoms are present in the monosaccharide glucose?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 6
D. 12
C. The molecular formula of Glucose is C6H12O6
True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a membrane-
enclosed region.
False. Only eukaryotic cells contain its genetic material within a nucleus
True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Archaea.
True
,Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies.
Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum
(spiral/corkscrew).
True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions.
True. Archaea can often be found in harsh conditions such as high salt levels, high acid
conditions, high temperatures and even oxygen-poor conditions.
1. Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that apply.
A. Animalia
B. Plantae
C. Fungi
D. Protista
A,B,C,D
2. True of False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are heterotrophic.
True
3. Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by converting _____ energy
into _______ energy.
Light (sunlight); chemical (sugars)
1. A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of following
also contain chitin? Select all that apply.
A. Mushrooms
, B. Bacteria
C. Yeast
D. Molds
A, C and D all contain chitin.
2. True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue
layers.
True.
1. Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):
A. Plants
B. Fungi
C. Bacteria
D. Mammalian cells
E. Algae
A, B, C, E
2. The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
True. Although viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms,
they can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes
microorganisms and viruses.
2. True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule.
False. The smallest biological unit of life is the cell.
3. What are the 4 main types of macromolecules found in cells?
Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides
1. How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins?
20
2. Define an essential amino acid.
An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human body and as such must be
take in from the environment through alternative sources (i.e) food.
1. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?
There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA
(ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information
within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible
for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering
the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
1. Complete the following DNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed for each
complementary pair:
3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CC AGC 3’
,3’ GGTCATCG 5’
5’ CCAGTAGC 3’
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G and C.
1. The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A. Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell
B. Is often a triple layer comprised of lipids
C. Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing outward
A and C
2. How many carbon atoms are present in the monosaccharide glucose?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 6
D. 12
C. The molecular formula of Glucose is C6H12O6
True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a membrane-
enclosed region.
False. Only eukaryotic cells contain its genetic material within a nucleus
True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Archaea.
True
,Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies.
Coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum
(spiral/corkscrew).
True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions.
True. Archaea can often be found in harsh conditions such as high salt levels, high acid
conditions, high temperatures and even oxygen-poor conditions.
1. Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that apply.
A. Animalia
B. Plantae
C. Fungi
D. Protista
A,B,C,D
2. True of False: All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are heterotrophic.
True
3. Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by converting _____ energy
into _______ energy.
Light (sunlight); chemical (sugars)
1. A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the cell walls. Which of following
also contain chitin? Select all that apply.
A. Mushrooms
, B. Bacteria
C. Yeast
D. Molds
A, C and D all contain chitin.
2. True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue
layers.
True.
1. Cell walls are found in which of the following (select all that apply):
A. Plants
B. Fungi
C. Bacteria
D. Mammalian cells
E. Algae
A, B, C, E
2. The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes
