Sophia Milestone Human Biology Milestone 1 - Complete Solutions (Graded A+)

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? Enzymes are composed primarily of carbohydrates. Enzymes are single-use proteins that must be regenerated after each reaction. Enzymes can only break down larger substances into smaller ones. The function of an enzyme is to speed up chemical reactions that occur in your body. CONCEPT Enzymes 2 Which of the following characteristics is shared by all organisms? Being made up of multiple cells Cycles of consciousness and sleep Division into multiple sexes The ability to grow and reproduce CONCEPT Organisms 3 Which of the following describes an organic compound? A compound that cannot be broken down by the cell A compound made up of carbohydrates A compound found only in eukaryotic cells A compound that contains the element carbon CONCEPT Carbohydrates 4 Which of the following is part of the cytoskeleton? Macrofilaments Macrotubules Microfilaments Intermediate tubules CONCEPT Cytoplasm 5 Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane? The outward facing phospholipid tails give it a rough quality. It doesn't contain any molecules aside from phospholipids. It allows some molecules to pass through but prevents others from doing so. It is made up of one layer of phospholipids. CONCEPT Plasma Membrane 6 Which of the following statements is true? Diffusion involves the movement of molecules into or out of a cell. Diffusion involves the movement of molecules using transport proteins. Diffusion involves the movement of molecules in the cytoplasm. Diffusion involves the breaking down of dead organelles. CONCEPT Diffusion 7 Which of the following statements is true? For all cells, the nucleus is the control center. The parts that make up cells are themselves living things. Not all cells have cytoplasm. Human beings are made up entirely of cells. CONCEPT Cell Theory 8 A tonicity with a high concentration of solutes is said to be _________. selectively permeable hypotonic isotonic hypertonic CONCEPT Osmosis 9 Some chemical reactions within cells break down molecules. Others make larger molecules. They are all an example of ___________. metabolism ATP production anabolism catabolism CONCEPT Metabolism 10 Which of the following contains the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies and the nuclear envelope? The Golgi apparatus The rough ER The lymphatic system The endomembrane system CONCEPT Endoplasmic Reticulum 11 At what level of protein structure do amino acid chains twist and fold? Primary Tertiary Quaternary Secondary CONCEPT Proteins 12 What is a nucleotide? A nucleic acid that contains all the genetic information of an organism A nucleic acid that produces protein in cells A component of DNA and RNA made up of sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that houses the DNA and controls activity within the cell CONCEPT Nucleic Acids 13 Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true? Phosphorylation halts the process when ATP levels get too low. It is the last stage of cellular respiration. It is an anaerobic process. It utilizes a molecule of glucose to produce three ATP. CONCEPT Glycolysis 14 Which type of fat has double bonds in its side chain? Trans fat Phospholipid Saturated fat Unsaturated fat CONCEPT Lipids 15 Amy wonders if it takes her longer to get home from work when it's raining. Which of the following could be her observation? "Does rain have an impact on the length of my evening commute?" "I notice that I get home from work later on rainy days." "Based on many tests, I realize that it does indeed take me longer to get home from work on rainy days." "I propose that it takes me longer to get home from work when it's raining." CONCEPT Scientific Method 16 In which kind of cells is the Golgi body found? Some eukaryotic and some prokaryotic cells Only prokaryotic cells Only eukaryotic cells All cells CONCEPT Golgi Body 17 Which of the following is an example of an integrator working to maintain homeostasis? Muscle cells cause you to shiver in an attempt to raise your body temperature if it is too low. The brain processes information about blood calcium levels being too high and determines that calcium levels need to be lowered. Thermoreceptors in your body detect a change in temperature when you walk into an air-conditioned building. The heart begins pumping faster if blood pressure drops too low. CONCEPT Homeostasis 18 What is true about the electron transport chain (ETC)? The electron transport chain produces 36 net molecules of ATP. During the electron transport chain, a hydrogen gradient is produced that is used to produce ATP from ADP. The largest byproduct of the electron transport chain is carbon dioxide. The electron transport chain is the second stage of cellular respiration. CONCEPT Electron Transport Chain 19 Which of the following sources of information is most credible? A claim made by a reporter on the evening news A remark made by a registered nurse over dinner A Wikipedia article on molecular biology A lecture given by a prominent biologist on the findings of his most recent study CONCEPT Evaluate Information 20 What molecules in the cell membrane help move molecules from a low to a high concentration gradient? Vesicles Transport proteins Diffusion pumps Endocytosis CONCEPT Facilitated Diffusion 21 What is chromatin? A structure found within the nucleus that produces subunits of ribosomes A form of uncondensed DNA found within the nucleus of the cell A condensed form of DNA that occurs when the cell is dividing A cell organelle that houses the DNA and controls activity within the cell CONCEPT Nucleus 22 Why are mitochondria called the "powerhouse" of a cell? They convert light into food. They convert energy into oxygen. They convert food into energy. They convert water into oxygen. CONCEPT Mitochondria 23 What is true about the Krebs cycle? A two carbon molecule called NADH is produced in the preparatory steps of the Krebs cycle. Two pyruvate molecules enter each turn of the cycle. A single turn of the cycle yields two ATP molecules. During the Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide is released, which is exhaled when you breath