NR 500 MODULE 1, 2, 3 STUDY GUIDE
MODULE 1: THE HISTORY OF NURSING
Important Nurse Leaders:
Florence Nightingale
Founder of Modern Nursing and 1 Nursing Theorist
st
1860: founded 1 training school for women (St. Thomas Hospital in London)
st
Remembered for work in Crimean War (1853-1856)
Clara Barton
Known as “Angel of the Battlefield” during Civil War (1861-1873)- relief for soldiers
1881: formed American Red Cross, 1 president
st
Lillian Wald
Social Activity
Founded Henry Street Settlement- 1 public health nursing practice
st
Founder of National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Dorothea Orem
Self-Care theory of nursing
Dorothea Dix
Union Superintendent of Female Nurses during Civil War
Advocate for mentally ill
Created training program for women who wanted to serve
Mary Breckenridge
established frontier nursing services.
She also provided primary care to women and babies and demonstrated that nurses could
provide primary care.
Important Nursing Organizations
National League of Nursing (formerly known as (National League of Nursing Education): 1893
Nursing leaders met at Chicago World Fair
Goal: to address nursing education issues
1950 administered the first nationwide State Board Test Pool Examination.
American Nurse Association: 1896
Goal: increase collaboration amongst nurses and educators
1916: minorities included
International Council of Nurses: 1899
, Goal: unite nurses of all nations
Periods in History
Early Civilization (various countries) Egypt/Egyptians, Palestinians (Hebrews), Greeks,
India, Romans, Chinese
a. Egypt/Egyptians:
- Developed specific laws on cleanliness, food use and preservation,
drinking, exercise, sexual relations, and a pharmacopoeia with more
than 700 natural remedies
- Health practices usually carried out to accommodate the gods and
appease the spirits of the dead.
- Nursing = feeding patients with tetanus and dressing wounds,
childcare
- Physicians = priests; treated fractures.
- Clinical observation helped them learn 250 different diseases.
- Developed drugs and procedures like surgery.
- Nursing daily care = record pulses, using splints and bandages.
- Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
b. Palestinians (Hebrews):
Developed a system called Mosaic Code, an organized method of
disease control and prevention. This contained public health/hygiene.
Nursing and medical care by male priests and widow or maid women.
Focus mainly on comfort and physical and spiritual healing.
c. Greeks:
Gods and goddesses mythology controlled health and illness.
Hippocrates “father of medicine” first to consider cause of disease and
illnesses.
d. India:
Hindu
Book- Hinduism (THE VEDAS)
Prenatal care was well understood
Major and minor surgeries were performed
Women did not work outside the homes, male nurses only and older
women that were allowed to work outside.
e. Chinese:
Teachings of Confucius had powerful impact on health practices
Yin: feminine focus, Negative and passive
Yang: masculine focus, positive and active.
Taijitu symbol
f. Romans:
MODULE 1: THE HISTORY OF NURSING
Important Nurse Leaders:
Florence Nightingale
Founder of Modern Nursing and 1 Nursing Theorist
st
1860: founded 1 training school for women (St. Thomas Hospital in London)
st
Remembered for work in Crimean War (1853-1856)
Clara Barton
Known as “Angel of the Battlefield” during Civil War (1861-1873)- relief for soldiers
1881: formed American Red Cross, 1 president
st
Lillian Wald
Social Activity
Founded Henry Street Settlement- 1 public health nursing practice
st
Founder of National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Dorothea Orem
Self-Care theory of nursing
Dorothea Dix
Union Superintendent of Female Nurses during Civil War
Advocate for mentally ill
Created training program for women who wanted to serve
Mary Breckenridge
established frontier nursing services.
She also provided primary care to women and babies and demonstrated that nurses could
provide primary care.
Important Nursing Organizations
National League of Nursing (formerly known as (National League of Nursing Education): 1893
Nursing leaders met at Chicago World Fair
Goal: to address nursing education issues
1950 administered the first nationwide State Board Test Pool Examination.
American Nurse Association: 1896
Goal: increase collaboration amongst nurses and educators
1916: minorities included
International Council of Nurses: 1899
, Goal: unite nurses of all nations
Periods in History
Early Civilization (various countries) Egypt/Egyptians, Palestinians (Hebrews), Greeks,
India, Romans, Chinese
a. Egypt/Egyptians:
- Developed specific laws on cleanliness, food use and preservation,
drinking, exercise, sexual relations, and a pharmacopoeia with more
than 700 natural remedies
- Health practices usually carried out to accommodate the gods and
appease the spirits of the dead.
- Nursing = feeding patients with tetanus and dressing wounds,
childcare
- Physicians = priests; treated fractures.
- Clinical observation helped them learn 250 different diseases.
- Developed drugs and procedures like surgery.
- Nursing daily care = record pulses, using splints and bandages.
- Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
b. Palestinians (Hebrews):
Developed a system called Mosaic Code, an organized method of
disease control and prevention. This contained public health/hygiene.
Nursing and medical care by male priests and widow or maid women.
Focus mainly on comfort and physical and spiritual healing.
c. Greeks:
Gods and goddesses mythology controlled health and illness.
Hippocrates “father of medicine” first to consider cause of disease and
illnesses.
d. India:
Hindu
Book- Hinduism (THE VEDAS)
Prenatal care was well understood
Major and minor surgeries were performed
Women did not work outside the homes, male nurses only and older
women that were allowed to work outside.
e. Chinese:
Teachings of Confucius had powerful impact on health practices
Yin: feminine focus, Negative and passive
Yang: masculine focus, positive and active.
Taijitu symbol
f. Romans:
