Lab 6 The Skeletal System BIO201L
Student Name: Madden, Rachel
Kit Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-UT7XP0Q
Pre-Lab Questions:
”1. List the functions of the skeletal system.”
The functions of the skeletal system are as follows: support and protection of the internal
organs, movement of the body, storage of minerals and fat, and production of RBC.
”2. What material contributes the greatest to the compressive strength of bone? ”
The collagen matrix and hydroxyapatite (CA+) allow the bone to be compressed without
breaking, to a certain extent.
”3. Briefly describe the process of bone remodeling. ”
Bone remodeling is the process of removing the older deposited material and creating new
bone. Resorption is the removal of the older bone material by the osteoclast cells. Osteoblasts
produce the matrix for new bone cells (osteocytes). The activities of these cells are in part
regulated by the thyroid (osteoblast activity) and parathyroid (osteoclast) through calcium levels
in the blood, as well as mechanoreceptors.
Experiment 1: Classification of Bones
Table 6: Classification of Bones
Bone Name Classification by Shape Classification by Location
appendicular skeleton
inferior to humerus
Radius long
lateral to ulna
Forearm
axial skeleton
ethmoid irregular braincase
medial wall of orbit
appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdle
clavicle long point of attachment to
manubrium & acromion
process of scapula
appendicular skeleton
inferior to carpals
metacarpals short
superior to digits
Hand
appendicular skeleton
lateral to tibia
fibula long
superior to talus
leg
sternum flat axial skeleton
,Lab 6 The Skeletal System BIO201L
thoracic cage/breast bone
inferior to manubrium
axial skeleton
mandible irregular inferior to the maxilla
jaw bone
appendicular skeleton
inferior to talus
calcaneus short
posterior to metatarsals
heel
appendicular skeleton
coccyx flat pelvic girdle
inferior to sacrum
axial skeleton
1st cervical vertebrae
atlas irrgeular superior to axis
inferior to occipital bone
neck
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Why is it important to classify bones? ”
Classification provides information to the function and location of the bone. Much information
can be ascertained through classification. For example: appendicular skeletal bones are more
susceptible to breaks and dislocations, injury to axial skeletal bones are devastating. Damage or
certain drug therapies could affect the growth of a long bone in a child. Flat bones contain red
marrow.
”2. Aside from length, what are some other common characteristics of a long bone? Are long
bones typically associated with the axial or appendicular skeleton? ”
Long bones are found in the appendicular skeleton. They are longer than wide, have a shaft
containing yellow marrow, a spongy bone end, and may have an epiphyseal growth plate.
”3. Compare flat bones and long bones. How are they different? How are they the same? ”
One major difference is long bones contain yellow marrow and flat bones contain red marrow.
Both long and flat bones contain cortical bone. Long bone also contain spongy bone, flat also
contain trabecular bone.
Experiment 2: Digital Slide Image Examination—Bone
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Label the arrows in the following digital slide images: ”
”Cortical Bone: ”
A- interstitial lamellae
B- lamella
C- concentric lamellae
D- Haversian canal
”Trabecular Bone: ”
A- trabecular
, Lab 6 The Skeletal System BIO201L
B- marrow cavity
Student Name: Madden, Rachel
Kit Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-UT7XP0Q
Pre-Lab Questions:
”1. List the functions of the skeletal system.”
The functions of the skeletal system are as follows: support and protection of the internal
organs, movement of the body, storage of minerals and fat, and production of RBC.
”2. What material contributes the greatest to the compressive strength of bone? ”
The collagen matrix and hydroxyapatite (CA+) allow the bone to be compressed without
breaking, to a certain extent.
”3. Briefly describe the process of bone remodeling. ”
Bone remodeling is the process of removing the older deposited material and creating new
bone. Resorption is the removal of the older bone material by the osteoclast cells. Osteoblasts
produce the matrix for new bone cells (osteocytes). The activities of these cells are in part
regulated by the thyroid (osteoblast activity) and parathyroid (osteoclast) through calcium levels
in the blood, as well as mechanoreceptors.
Experiment 1: Classification of Bones
Table 6: Classification of Bones
Bone Name Classification by Shape Classification by Location
appendicular skeleton
inferior to humerus
Radius long
lateral to ulna
Forearm
axial skeleton
ethmoid irregular braincase
medial wall of orbit
appendicular skeleton
pectoral girdle
clavicle long point of attachment to
manubrium & acromion
process of scapula
appendicular skeleton
inferior to carpals
metacarpals short
superior to digits
Hand
appendicular skeleton
lateral to tibia
fibula long
superior to talus
leg
sternum flat axial skeleton
,Lab 6 The Skeletal System BIO201L
thoracic cage/breast bone
inferior to manubrium
axial skeleton
mandible irregular inferior to the maxilla
jaw bone
appendicular skeleton
inferior to talus
calcaneus short
posterior to metatarsals
heel
appendicular skeleton
coccyx flat pelvic girdle
inferior to sacrum
axial skeleton
1st cervical vertebrae
atlas irrgeular superior to axis
inferior to occipital bone
neck
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Why is it important to classify bones? ”
Classification provides information to the function and location of the bone. Much information
can be ascertained through classification. For example: appendicular skeletal bones are more
susceptible to breaks and dislocations, injury to axial skeletal bones are devastating. Damage or
certain drug therapies could affect the growth of a long bone in a child. Flat bones contain red
marrow.
”2. Aside from length, what are some other common characteristics of a long bone? Are long
bones typically associated with the axial or appendicular skeleton? ”
Long bones are found in the appendicular skeleton. They are longer than wide, have a shaft
containing yellow marrow, a spongy bone end, and may have an epiphyseal growth plate.
”3. Compare flat bones and long bones. How are they different? How are they the same? ”
One major difference is long bones contain yellow marrow and flat bones contain red marrow.
Both long and flat bones contain cortical bone. Long bone also contain spongy bone, flat also
contain trabecular bone.
Experiment 2: Digital Slide Image Examination—Bone
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Label the arrows in the following digital slide images: ”
”Cortical Bone: ”
A- interstitial lamellae
B- lamella
C- concentric lamellae
D- Haversian canal
”Trabecular Bone: ”
A- trabecular
, Lab 6 The Skeletal System BIO201L
B- marrow cavity
