Examination Questions
and Answers inology
2400 Multiple Choice Questions
Second
,TABLE OF CONTENT
1 Organisation of the Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 Chemistry for Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.1 Atoms and Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.3 Diffusion and Osmosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and Osmoles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
5 Integument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6 Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
7 Skeleton and Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8 Muscles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
9 Gastrointestinal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
10 Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
11 Renal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
12 Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.1 Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.2 Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
12.3 Blood Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
xv
,xvi Contents
13 Respiratory System ....................................................................................369
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology ..................................................................369
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System .....................................393
14 Nervous System ..........................................................................................405
14.1 Cells and Action Potential.................................................................405
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy .......................................................420
14.3 Autonomic Nervous System, Neurotransmitters, and Reflexes ........440
14.4 Special Senses (Eye and Ear) ............................................................454
14.4.1 Eye ........................................................................................454
14.4.2 Ear .........................................................................................465
15 Reproductive System .................................................................................475
16 Waves, Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
(The Physics of) ..........................................................................................493
16.1 Waves................................................................................................493
16.2 Light Waves ......................................................................................498
16.3 Sound ................................................................................................502
16.4 Ultrasound .........................................................................................506
17 Ionising Radiation ......................................................................................511
17.1 Medical Imaging with X-Radiation ..................................................511
17.2 Radioactivity, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine
and Radiation Safety .........................................................................519
18 Electricity ....................................................................................................539
19 Biomechanics ..............................................................................................551
20 Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss..............................................567
21 Essay Topics for a Written Assignment Assessment
in Anatomy and Physiology .......................................................................585
, Chapter 1
Organisation of the Body
1. Which of the listed terms is described by: “All the chemical processes that take
place in the organelles and cytoplasm the cells of the body”?
A. Metabolism
B. Cellular respiration
and Answers inology
2400 Multiple Choice Questions
Second
,TABLE OF CONTENT
1 Organisation of the Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 Cells and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4 Chemistry for Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.1 Atoms and Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.3 Diffusion and Osmosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and Osmoles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
5 Integument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6 Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
7 Skeleton and Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8 Muscles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
9 Gastrointestinal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
10 Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
11 Renal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
12 Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.1 Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12.2 Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
12.3 Blood Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
xv
,xvi Contents
13 Respiratory System ....................................................................................369
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology ..................................................................369
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System .....................................393
14 Nervous System ..........................................................................................405
14.1 Cells and Action Potential.................................................................405
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy .......................................................420
14.3 Autonomic Nervous System, Neurotransmitters, and Reflexes ........440
14.4 Special Senses (Eye and Ear) ............................................................454
14.4.1 Eye ........................................................................................454
14.4.2 Ear .........................................................................................465
15 Reproductive System .................................................................................475
16 Waves, Light Waves, Sound Waves and Ultrasound
(The Physics of) ..........................................................................................493
16.1 Waves................................................................................................493
16.2 Light Waves ......................................................................................498
16.3 Sound ................................................................................................502
16.4 Ultrasound .........................................................................................506
17 Ionising Radiation ......................................................................................511
17.1 Medical Imaging with X-Radiation ..................................................511
17.2 Radioactivity, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine
and Radiation Safety .........................................................................519
18 Electricity ....................................................................................................539
19 Biomechanics ..............................................................................................551
20 Body Temperature, Energy and Heat Loss..............................................567
21 Essay Topics for a Written Assignment Assessment
in Anatomy and Physiology .......................................................................585
, Chapter 1
Organisation of the Body
1. Which of the listed terms is described by: “All the chemical processes that take
place in the organelles and cytoplasm the cells of the body”?
A. Metabolism
B. Cellular respiration
