Chapter 17: Drug Therapy for Diabetes

1. What is the main role of insulin in the body? a. Conversion of complex carbohydrates into glucose b. Movement of glucose from blood into the cells c. Prevention of kidney excretion of glucose d. Prevention of the formation off at cells ANS: B Many body cells have membranes that do not allow glucose to move into the cells to participate in metabolism. When insulin binds to membrane insulin receptors, the membranes become more open to glucose, allowing it to enter. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310 2. In what way does insulin work to lower blood glucose levels? a. Enhancing the enzymes that break down glucose b. Helping glucose to move from the blood into cells c. Converting glucose into proteins in the liver and brain d. Converting glycogen into glucose in the liver and brain ANS: B When insulin binds to insulin receptors on cells, the cells’ membranes become more open (permeable) to glucose and glucose transport proteins in the cell membranes become more active. The overall result is movement of glucose into the cells, which lowers blood glucose levels. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310 3. Which term means an elevated blood sugar (glucose) level? a. Glycogen b. Euglycemia c. Hypoglycemia d. Hyperglycemia ANS: D Glycogen is a stored form of human carbohydrate. Euglycemia means a blood sugar level within the normal range. Hypoglycemia is a lower than normal blood sugar level. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.311 4. Which hormone has an action opposite to the action of insulin? a. Glycogen b. Glucagon c. HemoglobinA1c d. Adenosine triphosphate