DNRS-6630-5/NURS-6630N-5/NURS-6630C-5/NURS-6630F-5/DNRS- 6630F-5- Approaches to Treatment-question and answers

Question 1 L. J. is a 55-year-old male who attended a funeral and found himself laughing during the service, but later that evening he was irritated with himself for what he had done. His wife said this was abnormal behavior and took him to his doctor to be evaluated. After L. J.’s MRI was reviewed, he was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia. Which medication is recommended to help L. J. with his emotional outbursts? A . Memantine B . Escitalopram C . Donepezil D . Risperidone Response Feedback: under Treatment subtitle: “The behavioral features are sometimes helped by SSRIs, and these are the best-studied treatments for these disorders.” Question 2 When can buprenorphine be initiated in a patient who is suffering from an opioid overdose? A . As soon as the patient is stabilized B . It should be administered as soon as you find the patient unconscious C . Right after naloxone is administered to prevent the patient from going back into opioid overdose D . When the patient is experiencing mild-to-moderate symptoms of withdrawal Response Feedback: “To avoid this problem, the initial buprenorphine dose should not be administered until the patient demonstrates mild-to-moderate symptoms of withdrawal.” Question 3 Of the following neurotransmitters, which one(s) are known to be severely disrupted in the disease Dementia with Lewy Bodies? I. Acetylcholine II. Glutamate III. Dopamine IV. GABA V. Norepinephrine A . II only B . III only C . I and II D . I and III Response Feedback: under pathophysiology subtitle: “It is clear that both the cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems are severely disrupted.” Question 4 Choose the correct statement regarding medications used for alcoholism A . Disulfiram: NMDA receptor antagonist & GABAA agonist B . Naltrexone: µ-opioid receptor antagonist that reduces the reinforcement/euphoria produced by alcohol C . Acamprosate: enhances the effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma- aminobutyric acid on the GABA receptors by binding to a site that is distinct from the GABA binding site in the central nervous system. D . Lorazepam: inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, leading to a buildup of acetaldehyde Response Feedback: Table 15-3 has the three MOAs listed for the FDA-approved treatments of alcoholism. Question 5 Patient is a 75-year-old female with a confirmed diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. She is currently on Donepezil 10 mg daily. She is accompanied to your clinic today by her daughter, who informs you that her mother has recently had an increase in depressive symptoms. She has no history of mood disorders. She has a history of hypertension and tonic-clonic seizures, but both are controlled. Assuming this patient will be thoroughly evaluated for the diagnosis of depression, what would you recommend as initial therapy? A . Amitriptyline B . Doxepin C . Fluoxetine D . Bupropion Response Feedback: SSRIs are effective in treating depressive symptoms. Answer choices A & B are both TCAs and are advised against due to side effect profile and the fact this person is treatment naive (learned from previous exam) and answer choice D is contraindicated in a patient with seizures. Question 6 Which neurotransmitters are likely involved in the pathophysiology of withdrawal seizures? I. Serotonin II. Endorphins III. Glutamate IV. GABA V. Dopamine A . I and II B . II and V C . I and III D . III and IV Response Feedback: “Thus when an individual suddenly ceases alcohol use, the decrease in inhibitory effects in combination with fewer GABA receptors and increased glutamatergic discharge contributes to over-excitation and possible withdrawal seizures.” Question 7 Which medication below should be routine for all suspected cases of alcohol intoxication and dependence? A . B vitamin thiamine 100 mg B . Haloperidol 5 mg C . Lorazepam 2 mg D Acamprosate 666 mg Feedback: vitamin thiamine (IM or IV) should be routine for all suspected cases of alcohol intoxication and dependence.” Response Feedback: under Treatment of Wernicke’s encephalopathy: “Administration of the B vitamin thiamine (IM or IV) should be routine for all suspected cases of alcohol intoxication and dependence.” Question 8 T. C. is an 88-year-old male who is diagnosed at your clinic with Dementia with Lewy Bodies. He currently has some debilitating gait issues, which makes his quality of life very poor. His memory is still intact with minor deficits. Which medication would likely benefit T. C. as his initial therapy? A . Levodopa/carbidopa B . Galantamine C . Memantine D . Benztropine Response Feedback: “Low dosages of levodopa/carbidopa (dopamine replacement) are sometimes helpful for the motor symptoms of DLB, although higher dosages of dopamine replacement therapy and direct dopamine agonists may exacerbate neuropsychiatric symptoms.” - Motor symptoms = gait issues Question 9 In the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease, there are certain proteins that lead to the plaques and tangles that result in this progressive, irreversible brain disorder. Choose the appropriate protein with its corresponding pathology. I. Tau – tangles II. Beta-amyloid – tangles III. Tau – plaques IV. Beta-amyloid – plaques A . I and II B . II and III C . II and IV D . I and IV Question 10 T. K. is a 72-year-old female who has suffered many strokes in the past, likely due to uncontrolled hypertension and hyperlipidemia. She has now been diagnosed with vascular dementia due to memory loss and motor system slowing. What is the recommended treatment for T. K.? A . T. K. needs the drug donepezil to help with her memory loss only. B . T. K. needs the drug donepezil to help with her memory loss, but also needs her hypertension and hyperlipidemia controlled. C . T. K. needs the drug donepezil to help with her memory loss, but also needs her hypertension controlled. D . T. K. needs her hypertension controlled only Response Feedback: “Treatment for vascular dementia involves control of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, inactivity, diabetes, excess alcohol use, cigarette smoking, hyperhomocysteinemia).” In addition to treating these causes of CNS vascular disease, some literature indicates that symptomatic treatments (such as cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine) may be helpful for cognition.