PN Exit HESI Study Plan Q&A
1. Hyper-parathyroid –
Answer fatigue, muscle weakness, renal calculi, back and joint pain (increased
calcium) give a low calcium high phosphorous diet
2. Hypovolemia –
Answer increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase respiration, hypotension, anxiety.
Urine specific gravity >1.030
3. Hypervolemia –
Answer bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral edema, HTN, urine
specific gravity <1.010. semi fowler's
4. Diabetes insipidus (decreased ADH) –
Answer excessive urine output and thirst, dehydration, weakness, administer Pitressin
5. SIADH (increased ADH) –
Answer change in LOC, decreased deep tendon reflexes, tachycardia. N/V HA
administer Declomycin, diuretics
6. hypokalemia –
Answer muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, increase K (rasins bananas apricots,
oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery)
7. Hyperkalemia –
Answer MURDER Muscle weakness, Urine (olig, anuria) Resp depression, decreased
cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflexes
8. Hyponatremia –
nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching, convulsions. give osmotic
diuretics (Mannitol) and fluids
9. Hypernatremia –
Answer increased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions, hypotension, tachycardia.
give hypotonic solution.
10. Hypocalcemia –
Answer CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
,Hypercalcemia –
Answer muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent
tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
Hypo Mg –
Answer Tremors, tetany, seizures, dysthythmias, depression, confusion, dysphagia,
(dig toxicity)
Hyper Mg –
Answer depresses the CNS. Hypotension, facial flushing, muscle weakness, absent
deep tendon reflexes, shallow respirations. EMERGENCY
Addison's –
Answer Hypo Na, Hyper K, Hypoglycemia, dark pigmentation, decreased resistance to
stress fx, alopecia, weight loss. GI stress.
Cushings –
Answer Hyper Na, Hypo K, hyperglycemia, prone to infection, muscle wasting,
weakness, edema, HTN, hirsutism, moonface/buffalo hump
Addesonian crisis –
Answer N/V confusion, abdominal pain, extreme weakness, hypoglycemia,
dehydration, decreased BP
Pheochromocytoma –
Answer hypersecretion of epi/norepi. persistent HTN, increased HR, hyperglycemia,
diaphoresis, tremor, pounding HA; avoid stress, frequent bathing and rest breaks, avoid
cold and stimulating foods (surgery to remove tumor)
Tetrology of Fallot –
Answer DROP -Defect, septal, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding aortas,
Pulmonary stenosis
Autonomic Dysreflexia –
Answer (potentially life threatening emergency!) HOB elevate 90 degrees, loosen
constrictive clothing, assess for full bladder or bowel impaction, (trigger) administer
antihypertensives (may cause stroke, MI, seizure)
Position of the baby by fetal heart sounds –
Answer Posterior --heard at sides
Anterior---midline by unbilicus and side
Breech- high up in the fundus near umbilicus
Vertex- by the symphysis pubis.
ICP and Shock –
Answer ICP- Increased BP, decreased pulse, decreased resp
,Shock--Decreased BP, increased pulse, increased resp
Cor pumonae –
Answer Right sided heart failure caused by left ventricular failure edema, jugular vein
distention
Heroin withdrawal neonate –
Answer irritable, poor sucking
brachial pulse –
Answer pulse area on an infant
lead poisoning –
Answer test at 12 months of age
Before starting IV antibiotics –
Answer obtain cultures!
pt with leukemia may have –
Answer epistaxis due to low platelets
when a pt comes in and is in active labor –
Answer first action of nurse is to listen to fetal heart tones/rate
ARDS and DIC –
1. Answer are always secondary to another disease or trauma ARDS:Severe
shortness of breath
•Labored and unusually rapid breathing
•Low blood pressure
•Confusion and extreme tiredness
Edema is located - Answer in the interstitial space, not the cardiovascular space
(outside of the circulatory system)
the best indicator of dehydration? - Answer weight---and skin turgor
heat/cold - Answer hot for chronic pain; cold for accute pain (sprain etc)
pneumonia - Answer fever and chills are usually present. For the elderly confusion is
often present.
COPD and O2 - Answer with COPD baroreceptors that detect CO2 level are destroyed,
therefore, O2 must kept low because high O2 concentration takes away the pt's
stimulation to breathe.
, Prednisone toxicity - Answer Cushings-buffalo hump, moon face, high blood sugar,
HTN)
Neutropenic pts - Answer no fresh fruits or flowers
Chest tubes are placed - Answer in the pleural space
Preload/Afterload - Answer Preload affects the amount of blood going into Right
ventricle. Afterload is the systemic resistance after leaving the heart.
CABG - Answer Great Saphenous vein in leg is taken and turned inside out (because
of valves inside) . Used for bypass surgery of the heart.
1 tsp - Answer 5 mL
1 oz - Answer 30 mL
1 cup - Answer 8 oz
1 quart - Answer 2 pints
1 pint - Answer 2 cups
1 g (gram) - Answer 1000 mg
1 kg - Answer 2.2 lbs
I lb - Answer 16 oz
After endoscopy - Answer check gag reflex
TPN given in - Answer subclavian line
pain with diverticulitis - Answer located in LLQ
appendicitis pain - Answer located in RLQ
Trousseau and Chvostek's signs observed in - Answer Hypocalcemia
never give K+ in - Answer IV push
DKA is rare - Answer in DM II (there is enough insulin to prevent fat breakdown)
Glaucoma patients lose - Answer peripheral vision.
1. Hyper-parathyroid –
Answer fatigue, muscle weakness, renal calculi, back and joint pain (increased
calcium) give a low calcium high phosphorous diet
2. Hypovolemia –
Answer increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase respiration, hypotension, anxiety.
Urine specific gravity >1.030
3. Hypervolemia –
Answer bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral edema, HTN, urine
specific gravity <1.010. semi fowler's
4. Diabetes insipidus (decreased ADH) –
Answer excessive urine output and thirst, dehydration, weakness, administer Pitressin
5. SIADH (increased ADH) –
Answer change in LOC, decreased deep tendon reflexes, tachycardia. N/V HA
administer Declomycin, diuretics
6. hypokalemia –
Answer muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, increase K (rasins bananas apricots,
oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery)
7. Hyperkalemia –
Answer MURDER Muscle weakness, Urine (olig, anuria) Resp depression, decreased
cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflexes
8. Hyponatremia –
nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching, convulsions. give osmotic
diuretics (Mannitol) and fluids
9. Hypernatremia –
Answer increased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions, hypotension, tachycardia.
give hypotonic solution.
10. Hypocalcemia –
Answer CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
,Hypercalcemia –
Answer muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent
tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
Hypo Mg –
Answer Tremors, tetany, seizures, dysthythmias, depression, confusion, dysphagia,
(dig toxicity)
Hyper Mg –
Answer depresses the CNS. Hypotension, facial flushing, muscle weakness, absent
deep tendon reflexes, shallow respirations. EMERGENCY
Addison's –
Answer Hypo Na, Hyper K, Hypoglycemia, dark pigmentation, decreased resistance to
stress fx, alopecia, weight loss. GI stress.
Cushings –
Answer Hyper Na, Hypo K, hyperglycemia, prone to infection, muscle wasting,
weakness, edema, HTN, hirsutism, moonface/buffalo hump
Addesonian crisis –
Answer N/V confusion, abdominal pain, extreme weakness, hypoglycemia,
dehydration, decreased BP
Pheochromocytoma –
Answer hypersecretion of epi/norepi. persistent HTN, increased HR, hyperglycemia,
diaphoresis, tremor, pounding HA; avoid stress, frequent bathing and rest breaks, avoid
cold and stimulating foods (surgery to remove tumor)
Tetrology of Fallot –
Answer DROP -Defect, septal, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding aortas,
Pulmonary stenosis
Autonomic Dysreflexia –
Answer (potentially life threatening emergency!) HOB elevate 90 degrees, loosen
constrictive clothing, assess for full bladder or bowel impaction, (trigger) administer
antihypertensives (may cause stroke, MI, seizure)
Position of the baby by fetal heart sounds –
Answer Posterior --heard at sides
Anterior---midline by unbilicus and side
Breech- high up in the fundus near umbilicus
Vertex- by the symphysis pubis.
ICP and Shock –
Answer ICP- Increased BP, decreased pulse, decreased resp
,Shock--Decreased BP, increased pulse, increased resp
Cor pumonae –
Answer Right sided heart failure caused by left ventricular failure edema, jugular vein
distention
Heroin withdrawal neonate –
Answer irritable, poor sucking
brachial pulse –
Answer pulse area on an infant
lead poisoning –
Answer test at 12 months of age
Before starting IV antibiotics –
Answer obtain cultures!
pt with leukemia may have –
Answer epistaxis due to low platelets
when a pt comes in and is in active labor –
Answer first action of nurse is to listen to fetal heart tones/rate
ARDS and DIC –
1. Answer are always secondary to another disease or trauma ARDS:Severe
shortness of breath
•Labored and unusually rapid breathing
•Low blood pressure
•Confusion and extreme tiredness
Edema is located - Answer in the interstitial space, not the cardiovascular space
(outside of the circulatory system)
the best indicator of dehydration? - Answer weight---and skin turgor
heat/cold - Answer hot for chronic pain; cold for accute pain (sprain etc)
pneumonia - Answer fever and chills are usually present. For the elderly confusion is
often present.
COPD and O2 - Answer with COPD baroreceptors that detect CO2 level are destroyed,
therefore, O2 must kept low because high O2 concentration takes away the pt's
stimulation to breathe.
, Prednisone toxicity - Answer Cushings-buffalo hump, moon face, high blood sugar,
HTN)
Neutropenic pts - Answer no fresh fruits or flowers
Chest tubes are placed - Answer in the pleural space
Preload/Afterload - Answer Preload affects the amount of blood going into Right
ventricle. Afterload is the systemic resistance after leaving the heart.
CABG - Answer Great Saphenous vein in leg is taken and turned inside out (because
of valves inside) . Used for bypass surgery of the heart.
1 tsp - Answer 5 mL
1 oz - Answer 30 mL
1 cup - Answer 8 oz
1 quart - Answer 2 pints
1 pint - Answer 2 cups
1 g (gram) - Answer 1000 mg
1 kg - Answer 2.2 lbs
I lb - Answer 16 oz
After endoscopy - Answer check gag reflex
TPN given in - Answer subclavian line
pain with diverticulitis - Answer located in LLQ
appendicitis pain - Answer located in RLQ
Trousseau and Chvostek's signs observed in - Answer Hypocalcemia
never give K+ in - Answer IV push
DKA is rare - Answer in DM II (there is enough insulin to prevent fat breakdown)
Glaucoma patients lose - Answer peripheral vision.
