PP II E2
Metabolic Syndrome Lab - ↑ Triglyceride > 150; ↑ Blood Pressure > 130/85; ↑ Fasting
Glucose > 100; ↓ High-Density Lipoprotein < 50
Metabolic Syndrome Assessment - ↑ Waist Men > 40, Women > 35
Health Promotion & Maintenance Nutrition - Balanced Diet, Energy Balance Use/Store;
Daily Calories: Men 2000-3000, Women 1600-2400; Factors: age, height, weight,
gender, metabolism, exercise/activity, medications, substance use
Healthy People 2020 Nutrition - Goals: promote health, reduce chronic disease risk;
Strategies: healthy diet, support achievements + healthy weight maintenance, address
behavior, environment, political factors supporting change; Objective Categories:
healthcare + worksite setting, weight status, food insecurity, food + nutrient
consumption, iron deficiency
Obesity Risk Factors - Diet: high fat, high cholesterol; genetic, behavior, metabolic,
environmental, socioeconomic, physical inactivity; Drugs: Corticosteroids, Estrogen,
NSAIDS, Antihypertensives, Antidepressants, Antiepileptics
Obesity Interventions - Nutrition: diet programs, nutrition therapy' exercise programs,
drug therapy, behavioral management, complementary + integrative health
Obesity Medications - Orlistat (Alli/Xenical), Phentermine (Adipex), Liraglutide
(Saxenda), Semaglutide (Ozempic)
Orlistat (Alli/Xenical) - Inhibit gastric + pancreatic lipases, prevents triglyceride
hydrolysis → decrease fat absorption
Orlistat (Alli/Xenical) Side/Adverse Effects - Oily stools, ↑ defecation, ↓ fat absorption,
n/v
Phentermine (Adipex) - Amphetamine, anorexigenic; reduce appetite, cns effect
hypothalamus stimulation to release norepinephrine
Phentermine (Adipex) Side/Adverse Effects - Primary pulmonary hypertension, valvular
disease
Phentermine (Adipex) Considerations - Dietary restrictions; Avoid: stimulants with
cardiac problems; Caution: hypertension, antidiabetic drugs, hypoglycemic drugs
Liraglutide (Saxenda) - Incretin mimetic, ↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon secretion, delay
gastric emptying → ↓ postprandial glucose
, Liraglutide (Saxenda) Side/Adverse Effects - Thyroid c-cell tumors, acute pancreatitis,
acute gallbladder disease
Semaglutide (Ozempic) - Psychologically regulate appetite + caloric intake
Semaglutide (Ozempic) Side/Adverse Effects - Thyroid c-cell tumors, acute pancreatitis,
acute gallbladder disease
Obesity Procedures - Gastroplasty, Roux-en-Y (Gastric Bypass Surgery)
Gastroplasty - Gastric restriction, adjustable band
Roux-en-Y - Gastric Bypass Surgery, malabsorption
Bulimia Nervosa Manifestations - BMI 18.5-30, late adolescent/early adult female,
restrict calorie intake between binges
Bulimia & Anorexia Nervosa Considerations - Nutritional eating patterns - 1200-1500
calories/day, remain with client 1-2 hours after eating, ensure food consumption; Identify
emotions & coping strategies - anxiety, guilt; Dealing body image issues - identify
personal strength, reassure weight
Anorexia Nervosa Complications - Cardiac dysrhythmia, severe bradycardia,
hypotension; Refeeding Syndrome - fatal, reintroduce fluid + electrolytes, dietician-
controlled food reintroduction
Anorexia Nervosa Interventions - Continuous cardiac monitor, frequent VS, report
changes
Oral Tumors - Erythroplakia, Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia - Oral precancerous/premalignant lesions; red velvety mucosal lesions on
mouth floor, tongue, palate, mandibular mucosa
Leukoplakia - Oral precancerous/premalignant lesions; thickened, firmly attached white
patches
Esophageal Perforation Signs/Symptoms - Signs and symptoms vary based on location;
pain, pneumomediastinum, crepitus; systemic infection, septic shock, hematemesis
(Mallory-Weiss tear)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Regurgitation) Signs/Symptoms - Heartburn,
epigastric pain, regurgitation; tooth enamel, throat pain, hoarseness, dysphonia,
excessive throat clearing, chronic cough, globus, dysphagia; esophageal cancer
Metabolic Syndrome Lab - ↑ Triglyceride > 150; ↑ Blood Pressure > 130/85; ↑ Fasting
Glucose > 100; ↓ High-Density Lipoprotein < 50
Metabolic Syndrome Assessment - ↑ Waist Men > 40, Women > 35
Health Promotion & Maintenance Nutrition - Balanced Diet, Energy Balance Use/Store;
Daily Calories: Men 2000-3000, Women 1600-2400; Factors: age, height, weight,
gender, metabolism, exercise/activity, medications, substance use
Healthy People 2020 Nutrition - Goals: promote health, reduce chronic disease risk;
Strategies: healthy diet, support achievements + healthy weight maintenance, address
behavior, environment, political factors supporting change; Objective Categories:
healthcare + worksite setting, weight status, food insecurity, food + nutrient
consumption, iron deficiency
Obesity Risk Factors - Diet: high fat, high cholesterol; genetic, behavior, metabolic,
environmental, socioeconomic, physical inactivity; Drugs: Corticosteroids, Estrogen,
NSAIDS, Antihypertensives, Antidepressants, Antiepileptics
Obesity Interventions - Nutrition: diet programs, nutrition therapy' exercise programs,
drug therapy, behavioral management, complementary + integrative health
Obesity Medications - Orlistat (Alli/Xenical), Phentermine (Adipex), Liraglutide
(Saxenda), Semaglutide (Ozempic)
Orlistat (Alli/Xenical) - Inhibit gastric + pancreatic lipases, prevents triglyceride
hydrolysis → decrease fat absorption
Orlistat (Alli/Xenical) Side/Adverse Effects - Oily stools, ↑ defecation, ↓ fat absorption,
n/v
Phentermine (Adipex) - Amphetamine, anorexigenic; reduce appetite, cns effect
hypothalamus stimulation to release norepinephrine
Phentermine (Adipex) Side/Adverse Effects - Primary pulmonary hypertension, valvular
disease
Phentermine (Adipex) Considerations - Dietary restrictions; Avoid: stimulants with
cardiac problems; Caution: hypertension, antidiabetic drugs, hypoglycemic drugs
Liraglutide (Saxenda) - Incretin mimetic, ↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon secretion, delay
gastric emptying → ↓ postprandial glucose
, Liraglutide (Saxenda) Side/Adverse Effects - Thyroid c-cell tumors, acute pancreatitis,
acute gallbladder disease
Semaglutide (Ozempic) - Psychologically regulate appetite + caloric intake
Semaglutide (Ozempic) Side/Adverse Effects - Thyroid c-cell tumors, acute pancreatitis,
acute gallbladder disease
Obesity Procedures - Gastroplasty, Roux-en-Y (Gastric Bypass Surgery)
Gastroplasty - Gastric restriction, adjustable band
Roux-en-Y - Gastric Bypass Surgery, malabsorption
Bulimia Nervosa Manifestations - BMI 18.5-30, late adolescent/early adult female,
restrict calorie intake between binges
Bulimia & Anorexia Nervosa Considerations - Nutritional eating patterns - 1200-1500
calories/day, remain with client 1-2 hours after eating, ensure food consumption; Identify
emotions & coping strategies - anxiety, guilt; Dealing body image issues - identify
personal strength, reassure weight
Anorexia Nervosa Complications - Cardiac dysrhythmia, severe bradycardia,
hypotension; Refeeding Syndrome - fatal, reintroduce fluid + electrolytes, dietician-
controlled food reintroduction
Anorexia Nervosa Interventions - Continuous cardiac monitor, frequent VS, report
changes
Oral Tumors - Erythroplakia, Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia - Oral precancerous/premalignant lesions; red velvety mucosal lesions on
mouth floor, tongue, palate, mandibular mucosa
Leukoplakia - Oral precancerous/premalignant lesions; thickened, firmly attached white
patches
Esophageal Perforation Signs/Symptoms - Signs and symptoms vary based on location;
pain, pneumomediastinum, crepitus; systemic infection, septic shock, hematemesis
(Mallory-Weiss tear)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Regurgitation) Signs/Symptoms - Heartburn,
epigastric pain, regurgitation; tooth enamel, throat pain, hoarseness, dysphonia,
excessive throat clearing, chronic cough, globus, dysphagia; esophageal cancer
