EBP Mid-Term
Elements of EBP - Patient values, best research evidence, clinical expertise
Research - Most rigorous, highest evidence level; new knowledge, fills literature gap,
research question, subjects, test intervention, data analysis; evaluate - findings based
on research question; design - describe phenomenon, find relationship,
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - Somewhat rigorous; applies knowledge with care,
based on literature evidence, clinical question, patients, data analysis; evaluate -
measure patient outcomes; design - change clinical
Quality Improvement (QI) - Least rigorous, lowest evidence level; existing knowledge,
data driven; plan-do-study-act (PDCA) cycle
Nursing Research Purpose - Generate new knowledge, discovery solutions, nursing
profession questions, inquiry driven
EBP Barriers - Individual Factors, Organizational Factors
EBP Steps - Clinical question, search literature, appraise evidence, implement practice
changes, evaluate
Research Steps - Research review, literature review, theoretical framework, research
design, implement study, analyze data, conclusions, distribute findings
Levels of Collaboration - Level 1 - individual nurse, Level 2 - organizational, Level 3 -
regional, Level 4 - national, Level 5 - international
The Nuremberg Code - Voluntary consent, rights to withdraw, balance benefits and
risks, protection from physical and mental suffering, injury, disability and death
Ethical Principles that Guide Healthcare Practice - Respect for Persons - Autonomy,
Right to Self-Determination, Right to Full Disclosure; Beneficence - Nonmaleficence;
Justice - Right to Fair Treatment, Right to Privacy
Respect for Person - Autonomy - make decisions about their health, lives, bodies; Right
to Self-Determination - absence of coercion; Right to Full Disclosure - absence of
deception/concealment
Beneficence - Doing good for patients; Nonmaleficence - do no harm; maximize
benefits, minimize harm
Justice - Equity/fairness distributing burdens + benefits; Right to Fair Treatment, Right
to Privacy - confidentiality, anonymity
, Informed Consent - Adequate research information, comprehend information, free
choice to participate/withdraw
Vulnerable Populations - Children, pregnant, unborn fetus, frail elderly, prisoners,
mental incapacities, severely ill + physical disability
Types of Review - Full Review, Expedited Review, Exempt Review
Full Review - Participation risk greater than minimal risk, all members review; vulnerable
populations; risk-benefit ration, equitable subject selection, consent process, safety
monitor, full consent
Expedited Review - Minimal risk, everyday risk; body secretion collection w/o pain,
noninvasive monitoring, blood draws, drug research (vitamin), data collection (voice,
video, digital, image recordings); submit multiple research protocol to IRB, 1 ≥
committee review, informed consent required
Exempt Review - No apparent risk; educational research, classroom, de-identified
specimen from previous research, public behavior observation, public service programs
delivery; submit 1 ≥ research protocol to IRB chairperson
PICO(T) - P (population), I (intervention, issue), C (comparison), O (outcome), T (time,
intervention to achieve outcome/disorder intervention applied)
Research Problem - Identify areas of interest, establish focus, narrow focus - identify
known, discover unknown
Types of Hypotheses - Associative, Simple, Non-Directional, Null (Statistical), Casual,
Complex, Directional, Research
Associative - Relationship exist; There is a relationship between the amount of self-
esteem and adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Causal - Cause relationships; Increased amount of self-esteem increase adherence to a
diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Simple - Improve theories for better understanding and predict, two variables ;
Increased amount of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents
with type 1 diabetes
Complex - Multiple independent variables to produce all possible conditions; Increased
amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet and insulin administration
in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Elements of EBP - Patient values, best research evidence, clinical expertise
Research - Most rigorous, highest evidence level; new knowledge, fills literature gap,
research question, subjects, test intervention, data analysis; evaluate - findings based
on research question; design - describe phenomenon, find relationship,
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - Somewhat rigorous; applies knowledge with care,
based on literature evidence, clinical question, patients, data analysis; evaluate -
measure patient outcomes; design - change clinical
Quality Improvement (QI) - Least rigorous, lowest evidence level; existing knowledge,
data driven; plan-do-study-act (PDCA) cycle
Nursing Research Purpose - Generate new knowledge, discovery solutions, nursing
profession questions, inquiry driven
EBP Barriers - Individual Factors, Organizational Factors
EBP Steps - Clinical question, search literature, appraise evidence, implement practice
changes, evaluate
Research Steps - Research review, literature review, theoretical framework, research
design, implement study, analyze data, conclusions, distribute findings
Levels of Collaboration - Level 1 - individual nurse, Level 2 - organizational, Level 3 -
regional, Level 4 - national, Level 5 - international
The Nuremberg Code - Voluntary consent, rights to withdraw, balance benefits and
risks, protection from physical and mental suffering, injury, disability and death
Ethical Principles that Guide Healthcare Practice - Respect for Persons - Autonomy,
Right to Self-Determination, Right to Full Disclosure; Beneficence - Nonmaleficence;
Justice - Right to Fair Treatment, Right to Privacy
Respect for Person - Autonomy - make decisions about their health, lives, bodies; Right
to Self-Determination - absence of coercion; Right to Full Disclosure - absence of
deception/concealment
Beneficence - Doing good for patients; Nonmaleficence - do no harm; maximize
benefits, minimize harm
Justice - Equity/fairness distributing burdens + benefits; Right to Fair Treatment, Right
to Privacy - confidentiality, anonymity
, Informed Consent - Adequate research information, comprehend information, free
choice to participate/withdraw
Vulnerable Populations - Children, pregnant, unborn fetus, frail elderly, prisoners,
mental incapacities, severely ill + physical disability
Types of Review - Full Review, Expedited Review, Exempt Review
Full Review - Participation risk greater than minimal risk, all members review; vulnerable
populations; risk-benefit ration, equitable subject selection, consent process, safety
monitor, full consent
Expedited Review - Minimal risk, everyday risk; body secretion collection w/o pain,
noninvasive monitoring, blood draws, drug research (vitamin), data collection (voice,
video, digital, image recordings); submit multiple research protocol to IRB, 1 ≥
committee review, informed consent required
Exempt Review - No apparent risk; educational research, classroom, de-identified
specimen from previous research, public behavior observation, public service programs
delivery; submit 1 ≥ research protocol to IRB chairperson
PICO(T) - P (population), I (intervention, issue), C (comparison), O (outcome), T (time,
intervention to achieve outcome/disorder intervention applied)
Research Problem - Identify areas of interest, establish focus, narrow focus - identify
known, discover unknown
Types of Hypotheses - Associative, Simple, Non-Directional, Null (Statistical), Casual,
Complex, Directional, Research
Associative - Relationship exist; There is a relationship between the amount of self-
esteem and adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Causal - Cause relationships; Increased amount of self-esteem increase adherence to a
diabetic diet in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Simple - Improve theories for better understanding and predict, two variables ;
Increased amount of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet in adolescents
with type 1 diabetes
Complex - Multiple independent variables to produce all possible conditions; Increased
amounts of self-esteem increase adherence to a diabetic diet and insulin administration
in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
