True / False
1. Research is a type of systematic investigation that is empirical in nature and is designed to
contribute to public knowledge.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
2. Evolutionary epistemology is a branch of philosophy that proposes that ideas evolve through
the process of natural selection.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. The purpose of peer review is for other researchers to exactly repeat the procedures of an
experiment to see whether they get the same results.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. Relational studies are designed primarily to document what is going on or what exists.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
5. The theoretical nature of social sciences is related to developing, exploring, or testing the
ideas that social researchers have about how the world operates.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
6. A cross-sectional study is one that takes place at a single point in time.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
,7. A positive relationship between two variables may also be referred to as an inverse
relationship.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. An independent variable is what the experimenter (or nature) manipulates.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
9. An hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. The degree to which conclusions reached about relationships in an experiment are
reasonable is referred to as construct validity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Multiple Choice
11. Research is empirical in nature, meaning that it ____.
a. is accessible to everyone
b. involves systematic observation
c. uses statistical procedures
d. can be replicated
ANSWER: b
,12. The systematic effort to move research from initial discovery to practice is referred to as
____.
a. translational research
b. bench research
c. basic research
d. enterprise research
ANSWER: a
13. The research-practice continuum starts with ____.
a. applied research
b. implementation research
c. basic research
d. policy research
ANSWER: c
14. Valerie’s state passed a law mandating a free public pre-kindergarten education for three-
and four-year-old children, although school enrollment is not mandatory until age five, with
kindergarten. She is tracking the school-readiness and reading-readiness scores of all children
starting kindergarten to see how the children who are enrolled in the pre-K program do in
comparison to those of similar background who do not attend. Valerie is conducting ____.
a. applied research
b. implementation research
c. basic research
d. policy research
ANSWER: d
15. Dave’s team has developed an intervention for use with high school students who are facing
the unexpected death of a fellow student. This approach has been tested in a typical university
community in the southern United States. Dave is now testing the intervention in urban areas
and also has plans to test it in a number of other areas. Dave is conducting ____.
a. applied research
b. implementation research
c. basic research
d. policy research
ANSWER: b
16. Amir is aware that, at least in the laboratory, certain nutrients can help buffer research
animals from the physiological damages associated with stress. He sets out to determine
whether dietary supplements can do the same for people in a laboratory situation simulating
real-life stresses. Amir’s research is best described as ____.
a. applied research
b. implementation research
c. basic research
d. policy research
ANSWER: a
, 17. Aware of the controversy surrounding dietary treatments for autism spectrum disorders,
Rebecca identifies relevant research and then uses statistical methods to combine the results of
similar studies quantitatively in order to allow general conclusions to be made. Her work is best
described as ____.
a. multivariate analysis
b. meta-analysis
c. literature review
d. systematic review
ANSWER: b
18. Elizabeth is a therapist at a residential treatment center for children and adolescents with
eating disorders. She is aware that, in order for a treatment to be covered by insurance or other
third-party payers, it must have a basis in research. This is commonly referred to as ____.
a. data-driven decision making
b. managed care triage
c. state-of-the-art treatment
d. evidence-based practice
ANSWER: d
19. Warren is reviewing the approaches that have been taken to the diagnosis and treatment of
childhood schizophrenia over the past century. He notices that some ideas receive initial
research support and become popular, generate additional research and, when not supported,
seem to largely die off while others continue to be supported and become dominant in the field.
This best illustrates ____.
a. research synthesis
b. evolutionary epistemology
c. the research continuum
d. evidence-based practice
ANSWER: b
20. Elsa periodically reviews documents on the National Institutes of Health website that
describe issues the NIH wants to have addressed by researchers. Eliza is most likely looking at
____.
a. meta-analyses
b. peer reviews
c. evidence-based guidelines
d. requests for proposals
ANSWER: d
1. Research is a type of systematic investigation that is empirical in nature and is designed to
contribute to public knowledge.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
2. Evolutionary epistemology is a branch of philosophy that proposes that ideas evolve through
the process of natural selection.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. The purpose of peer review is for other researchers to exactly repeat the procedures of an
experiment to see whether they get the same results.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. Relational studies are designed primarily to document what is going on or what exists.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
5. The theoretical nature of social sciences is related to developing, exploring, or testing the
ideas that social researchers have about how the world operates.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
6. A cross-sectional study is one that takes place at a single point in time.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
,7. A positive relationship between two variables may also be referred to as an inverse
relationship.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
8. An independent variable is what the experimenter (or nature) manipulates.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
9. An hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
10. The degree to which conclusions reached about relationships in an experiment are
reasonable is referred to as construct validity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Multiple Choice
11. Research is empirical in nature, meaning that it ____.
a. is accessible to everyone
b. involves systematic observation
c. uses statistical procedures
d. can be replicated
ANSWER: b
,12. The systematic effort to move research from initial discovery to practice is referred to as
____.
a. translational research
b. bench research
c. basic research
d. enterprise research
ANSWER: a
13. The research-practice continuum starts with ____.
a. applied research
b. implementation research
c. basic research
d. policy research
ANSWER: c
14. Valerie’s state passed a law mandating a free public pre-kindergarten education for three-
and four-year-old children, although school enrollment is not mandatory until age five, with
kindergarten. She is tracking the school-readiness and reading-readiness scores of all children
starting kindergarten to see how the children who are enrolled in the pre-K program do in
comparison to those of similar background who do not attend. Valerie is conducting ____.
a. applied research
b. implementation research
c. basic research
d. policy research
ANSWER: d
15. Dave’s team has developed an intervention for use with high school students who are facing
the unexpected death of a fellow student. This approach has been tested in a typical university
community in the southern United States. Dave is now testing the intervention in urban areas
and also has plans to test it in a number of other areas. Dave is conducting ____.
a. applied research
b. implementation research
c. basic research
d. policy research
ANSWER: b
16. Amir is aware that, at least in the laboratory, certain nutrients can help buffer research
animals from the physiological damages associated with stress. He sets out to determine
whether dietary supplements can do the same for people in a laboratory situation simulating
real-life stresses. Amir’s research is best described as ____.
a. applied research
b. implementation research
c. basic research
d. policy research
ANSWER: a
, 17. Aware of the controversy surrounding dietary treatments for autism spectrum disorders,
Rebecca identifies relevant research and then uses statistical methods to combine the results of
similar studies quantitatively in order to allow general conclusions to be made. Her work is best
described as ____.
a. multivariate analysis
b. meta-analysis
c. literature review
d. systematic review
ANSWER: b
18. Elizabeth is a therapist at a residential treatment center for children and adolescents with
eating disorders. She is aware that, in order for a treatment to be covered by insurance or other
third-party payers, it must have a basis in research. This is commonly referred to as ____.
a. data-driven decision making
b. managed care triage
c. state-of-the-art treatment
d. evidence-based practice
ANSWER: d
19. Warren is reviewing the approaches that have been taken to the diagnosis and treatment of
childhood schizophrenia over the past century. He notices that some ideas receive initial
research support and become popular, generate additional research and, when not supported,
seem to largely die off while others continue to be supported and become dominant in the field.
This best illustrates ____.
a. research synthesis
b. evolutionary epistemology
c. the research continuum
d. evidence-based practice
ANSWER: b
20. Elsa periodically reviews documents on the National Institutes of Health website that
describe issues the NIH wants to have addressed by researchers. Eliza is most likely looking at
____.
a. meta-analyses
b. peer reviews
c. evidence-based guidelines
d. requests for proposals
ANSWER: d
