Swine Production & Herd Health Management
LEC [13 weeks]
GRADING SYSTEM LESSON 1: INTRO TO SWINE INDUSTRY & BREEDS OF
SWINE
- Swine --- any various stout-bodied short-legged
omnivorous artiodactyl mammals (family
Suidae) with a thick bristly skin and a long
flexible snout;
o domesticated one descended from the
wild boar – in human history, early
ancestors used wild boar as a source of
food; initially, they are just hunted but
our ancestors thought that why not
- Allowed absences (2)
domesticate it to have our own source
- Passing score for VET MED PROPER (70%) of meat
- FINAL PRODUCT (Total scores of all activities – make sure o omnivorous – eats both plant and meat
to answer all!) o large – can cater lot of people; like
lechon, can be eaten by many people
MIDTERM COURSE CONTENT - Taxonomical Classification
o Kingdom: Animalia
o Sub phylum: Vertebrata
o Super Class: Gnathostomata
o Class: Mammalia
o Family: Sudas/Suidas
o Genus: Sus
o Species: scrofa or domestica
- ORIGIN/Ancestor of Swine
o Eurasian Wild Boar
o S.N.: Sus scrofa
o Archaeological evidence from the
Middle East indicates domestication of
- Cull (kill swine with negative traits)
- Selection (slaughter swine w/ positive traits like fast the pig occurs as early as 9,000 years –
growth/fattening) evidences in China it dates back way
before that [(9000 years)
FINALS COURSE CONTENT
o
- SWINE Situation Report
o The country’s total swine inventory as
of 10/01/2021 was estimated at 9.87
million heads (PSA 2021) – lower than
12.4% than last year because it was
estimated last year to be 11.27 million
POINTERS heads [due to African Swine Fever—
causes decrease in inventory; started in
2019, still exists but now controlled]
▪ First case of ASF is in Rodriguez,
Rizal – transmission is thru
infected meat, ticks are also
vectors
▪ Meat now is expensive before
2019, meat is only 150-200/kl,
now 300-350, almost as
expensive as cattle
▪ Acc. to BAI, our swine industry
- Quiz every meeting – on last lec! (closes @ 11 AM) before ASF outbreak in 2019, is
o [10 items]
one of the leading industries
, that provides income; one of • Excellent width and
Filipinos’ favorite meat as it is ham – big type of pig
utilized in many Fil. Cuisine &
dishes
o Swine Inventory Based on Operation:
Backyard (less than 20 heads of Adult
•
Swine) 72.1% > Commercial 27.9 % ▪ SPOTTED POLAND CHINA
• From USA – Poland
China bred/crossed w/
other native spotted
breeds in USA like
Gloucestershire Old
o Spots
- DISTRIBUTION OF SWINE INVENTORY BY • B&W spots in the body
REGION as of 100121 • Forward drooping ears
o Western Visayas (1.19 million heads) >
Central Visayas (1.14 million heads) >
Northern Mindanao (1.09 million heads)
▪ These top 3 equate to almost
34.7% of PH total swine •
inventory ▪ CHESTER WHITE
• Originated in Chester
County, Pennsylvania
• Cross of Bedfordshire or
Cumberland w/
Yorkshire, Lincolnshire
& Cheshire Hogs –
English origin breeds
o • Pure white in color w/
- TYPES OF BREEDS OF SWINE (purpose) straight face & ears that
o LARD TYPE (pork fat that can be used in are large & directed
cooking) forward
▪ BERKSHIRE
• From England
• Black w/ 6 points
• Erect ears
•
• Moderately prolific –
▪ HEREFORD
capacity to produce
• Originated in USA --
offspringsd
specifically in Iowa,
• Downside: Weak legs
Mississippi, Nebraska;
bcs of their long
has same name with
pasterns
ruminant (Hereford
• Good source of lard Cow) w/ same color
because of thick BF pattern that is red with
• Pre-potent breed of white markings in head,
thick Backfat Thickness forrefeet, tail
• Also known as “White-
faced Hog”
• Red in color w/ white
• markings on the head,
▪ POLAND CHINA tail and 4 feet
• From USA, specifically • Forward drooping ear
in Ohio County
• (origin is processed)
Developed from
Russian, Byfield •
• Used to be called as ▪ MULEFOOT
“Warren County Hog” • Unclear origin but
but changed to Poland developed in Arkansas,
China in 1872 Missouri, Iowa, Indiana
• Straight snout w/ and some parts of
drooping ears Mexico
• Back is more arched
, • Peculiarity: Has solid & superior breeds in litter
not cloven-footed hoof size & mothering ability
– no cleave in the feet o Madami
instead of (\/), it is (----) manganak &
• Black in color good mother
• Produce well in crosses
– produces good
offspring
• Perform well under
• confinement –
▪ LARGE BLACK domestic pigs, esp. if
• From England backyard, space is small
• Black in color and only small amt. can
• Quite large be taken care of, still,
• Large and long ears, LW can still perform
projecting forward well
close to the eyes and • Excellent growth rate –
face mabilis lumaki; popular
• Many lards can be and most used breed in
collected from this PH
breed
•
▪ LANDRACE
• • Dutch breed –
▪ MIDDLE WHITE/CHESHIRE originated in Demark
• Known only in England • White in color (w/
& USA Bluish/Black Spots)
• Also called as Middle • Looks similar with LW
Yorkshire but LR has Long snout
• Turned-up snout & w/ large, wide &
short erect ears drooping ears – ears are
drooping and are facing
downwards on land
• Good mothering ability
• & large litters (marami
▪ ESSEX manganak)
• From USA • Downside: Difficulty in
• Black, sometimes white leanness (fat:meat) if
belt, erect ears exposed to energy diets
• Short head w/ small, – not that meaty
erect ears
•
▪ DUROC/DUROC JERSEY
• • From USA, Eastern USA,
▪ SMALL WHITE/SMALL
New Jersey; usually in
YORKSHIRE
New York
▪ MIDDLE YORKSHIRE
• Formerly known as
▪ BERKJALA
Jersey Red
▪ PH Native breeds
• Light to dark red in
• Jalajala – Rizal
color or “golden
• Koronadal – Cotabato brown” in color
• Kaman & Diani – BTG • 1/3 erect & 2/3
o BACON TYPE – most popular, esp. in PH drooping ears
▪ YORKSHIRE/LARGE WHITE • Superior based in
• Most common/used
growth rate & Feed
• From England Efficiency (FE) – fast
• Turned-up snout w/ growth & good
forward erect ears conversion of food into
• Chosen in PH bcs it is meat & devt.
one of the most
LEC [13 weeks]
GRADING SYSTEM LESSON 1: INTRO TO SWINE INDUSTRY & BREEDS OF
SWINE
- Swine --- any various stout-bodied short-legged
omnivorous artiodactyl mammals (family
Suidae) with a thick bristly skin and a long
flexible snout;
o domesticated one descended from the
wild boar – in human history, early
ancestors used wild boar as a source of
food; initially, they are just hunted but
our ancestors thought that why not
- Allowed absences (2)
domesticate it to have our own source
- Passing score for VET MED PROPER (70%) of meat
- FINAL PRODUCT (Total scores of all activities – make sure o omnivorous – eats both plant and meat
to answer all!) o large – can cater lot of people; like
lechon, can be eaten by many people
MIDTERM COURSE CONTENT - Taxonomical Classification
o Kingdom: Animalia
o Sub phylum: Vertebrata
o Super Class: Gnathostomata
o Class: Mammalia
o Family: Sudas/Suidas
o Genus: Sus
o Species: scrofa or domestica
- ORIGIN/Ancestor of Swine
o Eurasian Wild Boar
o S.N.: Sus scrofa
o Archaeological evidence from the
Middle East indicates domestication of
- Cull (kill swine with negative traits)
- Selection (slaughter swine w/ positive traits like fast the pig occurs as early as 9,000 years –
growth/fattening) evidences in China it dates back way
before that [(9000 years)
FINALS COURSE CONTENT
o
- SWINE Situation Report
o The country’s total swine inventory as
of 10/01/2021 was estimated at 9.87
million heads (PSA 2021) – lower than
12.4% than last year because it was
estimated last year to be 11.27 million
POINTERS heads [due to African Swine Fever—
causes decrease in inventory; started in
2019, still exists but now controlled]
▪ First case of ASF is in Rodriguez,
Rizal – transmission is thru
infected meat, ticks are also
vectors
▪ Meat now is expensive before
2019, meat is only 150-200/kl,
now 300-350, almost as
expensive as cattle
▪ Acc. to BAI, our swine industry
- Quiz every meeting – on last lec! (closes @ 11 AM) before ASF outbreak in 2019, is
o [10 items]
one of the leading industries
, that provides income; one of • Excellent width and
Filipinos’ favorite meat as it is ham – big type of pig
utilized in many Fil. Cuisine &
dishes
o Swine Inventory Based on Operation:
Backyard (less than 20 heads of Adult
•
Swine) 72.1% > Commercial 27.9 % ▪ SPOTTED POLAND CHINA
• From USA – Poland
China bred/crossed w/
other native spotted
breeds in USA like
Gloucestershire Old
o Spots
- DISTRIBUTION OF SWINE INVENTORY BY • B&W spots in the body
REGION as of 100121 • Forward drooping ears
o Western Visayas (1.19 million heads) >
Central Visayas (1.14 million heads) >
Northern Mindanao (1.09 million heads)
▪ These top 3 equate to almost
34.7% of PH total swine •
inventory ▪ CHESTER WHITE
• Originated in Chester
County, Pennsylvania
• Cross of Bedfordshire or
Cumberland w/
Yorkshire, Lincolnshire
& Cheshire Hogs –
English origin breeds
o • Pure white in color w/
- TYPES OF BREEDS OF SWINE (purpose) straight face & ears that
o LARD TYPE (pork fat that can be used in are large & directed
cooking) forward
▪ BERKSHIRE
• From England
• Black w/ 6 points
• Erect ears
•
• Moderately prolific –
▪ HEREFORD
capacity to produce
• Originated in USA --
offspringsd
specifically in Iowa,
• Downside: Weak legs
Mississippi, Nebraska;
bcs of their long
has same name with
pasterns
ruminant (Hereford
• Good source of lard Cow) w/ same color
because of thick BF pattern that is red with
• Pre-potent breed of white markings in head,
thick Backfat Thickness forrefeet, tail
• Also known as “White-
faced Hog”
• Red in color w/ white
• markings on the head,
▪ POLAND CHINA tail and 4 feet
• From USA, specifically • Forward drooping ear
in Ohio County
• (origin is processed)
Developed from
Russian, Byfield •
• Used to be called as ▪ MULEFOOT
“Warren County Hog” • Unclear origin but
but changed to Poland developed in Arkansas,
China in 1872 Missouri, Iowa, Indiana
• Straight snout w/ and some parts of
drooping ears Mexico
• Back is more arched
, • Peculiarity: Has solid & superior breeds in litter
not cloven-footed hoof size & mothering ability
– no cleave in the feet o Madami
instead of (\/), it is (----) manganak &
• Black in color good mother
• Produce well in crosses
– produces good
offspring
• Perform well under
• confinement –
▪ LARGE BLACK domestic pigs, esp. if
• From England backyard, space is small
• Black in color and only small amt. can
• Quite large be taken care of, still,
• Large and long ears, LW can still perform
projecting forward well
close to the eyes and • Excellent growth rate –
face mabilis lumaki; popular
• Many lards can be and most used breed in
collected from this PH
breed
•
▪ LANDRACE
• • Dutch breed –
▪ MIDDLE WHITE/CHESHIRE originated in Demark
• Known only in England • White in color (w/
& USA Bluish/Black Spots)
• Also called as Middle • Looks similar with LW
Yorkshire but LR has Long snout
• Turned-up snout & w/ large, wide &
short erect ears drooping ears – ears are
drooping and are facing
downwards on land
• Good mothering ability
• & large litters (marami
▪ ESSEX manganak)
• From USA • Downside: Difficulty in
• Black, sometimes white leanness (fat:meat) if
belt, erect ears exposed to energy diets
• Short head w/ small, – not that meaty
erect ears
•
▪ DUROC/DUROC JERSEY
• • From USA, Eastern USA,
▪ SMALL WHITE/SMALL
New Jersey; usually in
YORKSHIRE
New York
▪ MIDDLE YORKSHIRE
• Formerly known as
▪ BERKJALA
Jersey Red
▪ PH Native breeds
• Light to dark red in
• Jalajala – Rizal
color or “golden
• Koronadal – Cotabato brown” in color
• Kaman & Diani – BTG • 1/3 erect & 2/3
o BACON TYPE – most popular, esp. in PH drooping ears
▪ YORKSHIRE/LARGE WHITE • Superior based in
• Most common/used
growth rate & Feed
• From England Efficiency (FE) – fast
• Turned-up snout w/ growth & good
forward erect ears conversion of food into
• Chosen in PH bcs it is meat & devt.
one of the most
