Chapter 17: Drug Therapy for Diabetes
Visovsky: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, 9 th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the main role of insulin in the body?
a. Conversion of complex carbohydrates into glucose
b. Movement of glucose from blood into the cells
c. Prevention of kidney excretion of glucose
d. Prevention of the formation off at cells
ANS: B
Many body cells have membranes that do not allow glucose to move into the
cells to participate in metabolism. When insulin binds to membrane insulin
receptors, the membranes become more open to glucose, allowing it to enter.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
2. In what way does insulin work to lower blood glucose levels?
a. Enhancing the enzymes that break down glucose
b. Helping glucose to move from the blood into cells
c. Converting glucose into proteins in the liver and brain
d. Converting glycogen into glucose in the liver and brain
ANS: B
When insulin binds to insulin receptors on cells, the cells’ membranes become
more open (permeable) to glucose and glucose transport proteins in the cell
membranes become more active. The overall result is movement of glucose into
the cells, which lowers blood glucose levels.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
3. Which term means an elevated blood sugar (glucose) level?
a. Glycogen
b. Euglycemia
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Hyperglycemia
ANS: D
Glycogen is a stored form of human carbohydrate. Euglycemia means a blood sugar
level within the normal range. Hypoglycemia is a lower than normal blood sugar level.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.311
4. Which hormone has an action opposite to the action of insulin?
a. Glycogen
b. Glucagon
c. HemoglobinA1c
d. Adenosine triphosphate
This study source was downloaded by 100000817936687 from CourseHero.com on 04-13-2022 07:42:40 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/72568977/Chapter17Pharmacologydocx/
, ANS: B
Glucagon, which is known as the hormone of starvation, is secreted from the alpha cells of
the pancreas when blood glucose levels are lower than normal. Glucagon goes to the liver
and triggers the breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into the blood, raising the
blood glucose level. These actions are exactly the opposite of insulin’s actions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
5. What is the main reason that insulin is needed as drug therapy for people who
have type 1 diabetes?
a. The beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin.
b. The alpha cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin.
c. The beta cells of the pancreas make too much glucagon.
d. The alpha cells of the pancreas make too much glucagon.
ANS: A
With type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and no longer
produce any insulin. Insulin is necessary for life, so drug therapy for type 1 diabetes
requires insulin. People who have type 2 diabetes often continue to secrete insulin
from their beta cells; thus extra insulin may not be needed. Drugs for this condition
often work by forcing the beta cells to release the patient’s own insulin.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.311
6. Which statement regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is true?
a. Some people with DM type 2 will need insulin.
b. This type of diabetes is found in children less than 1 year of age.
c. Drug therapy for DM type 2 eliminates the need for diet and exercise.
d. DM type 2 is characterized by sudden, complete shut down of the pancreas.
ANS: A
Insulin may also be necessary for some people with DM type 2, although diet,
weight reduction, and noninsulin antidiabetic drugs are often effective in
maintaining good blood glucose control.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.311
7. You are preparing to discuss a newly prescribed insulin stimulator with a patient. What
condition would need to be present for this drug to work effectively for a diabetic patient?
a. The patient would need to be able to self-inject the drug.
b. The patient would need to be in ketoacidosis to begin this drug.
c. The patient would need to have diabetes mellitus type 2 to use this drug.
d. The patient needs to have some functioning beta cells for this drug to work.
ANS: C
Insulin stimulators are oral drugs that lower blood glucose levels by stimulating
the release of insulin stored in the beta cells of the pancreas. Therefore the
patient must have some functioning beta cells if these drugs are to work.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowing REF: p.312
This study source was downloaded by 100000817936687 from CourseHero.com on 04-13-2022 07:42:40 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/72568977/Chapter17Pharmacologydocx/
Visovsky: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, 9 th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the main role of insulin in the body?
a. Conversion of complex carbohydrates into glucose
b. Movement of glucose from blood into the cells
c. Prevention of kidney excretion of glucose
d. Prevention of the formation off at cells
ANS: B
Many body cells have membranes that do not allow glucose to move into the
cells to participate in metabolism. When insulin binds to membrane insulin
receptors, the membranes become more open to glucose, allowing it to enter.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
2. In what way does insulin work to lower blood glucose levels?
a. Enhancing the enzymes that break down glucose
b. Helping glucose to move from the blood into cells
c. Converting glucose into proteins in the liver and brain
d. Converting glycogen into glucose in the liver and brain
ANS: B
When insulin binds to insulin receptors on cells, the cells’ membranes become
more open (permeable) to glucose and glucose transport proteins in the cell
membranes become more active. The overall result is movement of glucose into
the cells, which lowers blood glucose levels.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
3. Which term means an elevated blood sugar (glucose) level?
a. Glycogen
b. Euglycemia
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Hyperglycemia
ANS: D
Glycogen is a stored form of human carbohydrate. Euglycemia means a blood sugar
level within the normal range. Hypoglycemia is a lower than normal blood sugar level.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.311
4. Which hormone has an action opposite to the action of insulin?
a. Glycogen
b. Glucagon
c. HemoglobinA1c
d. Adenosine triphosphate
This study source was downloaded by 100000817936687 from CourseHero.com on 04-13-2022 07:42:40 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/72568977/Chapter17Pharmacologydocx/
, ANS: B
Glucagon, which is known as the hormone of starvation, is secreted from the alpha cells of
the pancreas when blood glucose levels are lower than normal. Glucagon goes to the liver
and triggers the breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into the blood, raising the
blood glucose level. These actions are exactly the opposite of insulin’s actions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.310
5. What is the main reason that insulin is needed as drug therapy for people who
have type 1 diabetes?
a. The beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin.
b. The alpha cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin.
c. The beta cells of the pancreas make too much glucagon.
d. The alpha cells of the pancreas make too much glucagon.
ANS: A
With type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and no longer
produce any insulin. Insulin is necessary for life, so drug therapy for type 1 diabetes
requires insulin. People who have type 2 diabetes often continue to secrete insulin
from their beta cells; thus extra insulin may not be needed. Drugs for this condition
often work by forcing the beta cells to release the patient’s own insulin.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.311
6. Which statement regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is true?
a. Some people with DM type 2 will need insulin.
b. This type of diabetes is found in children less than 1 year of age.
c. Drug therapy for DM type 2 eliminates the need for diet and exercise.
d. DM type 2 is characterized by sudden, complete shut down of the pancreas.
ANS: A
Insulin may also be necessary for some people with DM type 2, although diet,
weight reduction, and noninsulin antidiabetic drugs are often effective in
maintaining good blood glucose control.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p.311
7. You are preparing to discuss a newly prescribed insulin stimulator with a patient. What
condition would need to be present for this drug to work effectively for a diabetic patient?
a. The patient would need to be able to self-inject the drug.
b. The patient would need to be in ketoacidosis to begin this drug.
c. The patient would need to have diabetes mellitus type 2 to use this drug.
d. The patient needs to have some functioning beta cells for this drug to work.
ANS: C
Insulin stimulators are oral drugs that lower blood glucose levels by stimulating
the release of insulin stored in the beta cells of the pancreas. Therefore the
patient must have some functioning beta cells if these drugs are to work.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowing REF: p.312
This study source was downloaded by 100000817936687 from CourseHero.com on 04-13-2022 07:42:40 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/72568977/Chapter17Pharmacologydocx/
