STRAIGHTERLINE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 101 GRADED EXAM 2 - MARCH 2022

Page path • PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 8: Intelligence and Reason Started on Sunday, March 6, 2022, 6:00 PM State Finished Completed on Sunday, March 6, 2022, 6:30 PM Time taken 29 mins 21 secs Grade 115.00 out of 125.00 (92%) Question 1 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Nicotine raises ________ levels in the brain. Select one: a. serotonin b. GABA c. dopamine d. epinephrine Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Adam, a student, is attending a lecture on the topic of semantics. He is able to concentrate on the lecture and is also able to type a message to his friend on his smartphone without looking at the phone. In the context of the levels of awareness, Adam's state of consciousness best illustrates the concept of Select one: a. automatic processes. b. controlled processes. c. executive function. d. altered awareness. Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation typically produce Select one: a. automatic processing. b. sleep apnea. c. higher-level consciousness. d. altered states of consciousness. Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? Select one: a. serotonin b. dopamine c. melatonin d. glutamate Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. Select one: a. Hypnosis b. Meditation c. Caffeinism d. Extrasensory perception (ESP) Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of classical conditioning, ________ means that the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented very close together in time—even a mere fraction of a second. Select one: a. contiguity b. contingency c. eventuality d. synergy Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was a ________ before conditioning and became a(n) ________ after conditioning had occurred. Select one: a. conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus b. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus c. neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus d. neutral stimulus; reinforcer stimulus Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. Select one: a. Punishment b. Extinction c. Discrimination d. Generalization Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement Select one: a. is particularly resistant to extinction. b. is that which characterizes most life experiences. c. is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. d. is the type of reinforcement in which a reinforcer follows a behavior only a portion of the time. Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning? Select one: a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning c. observational learning d. latent learning Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following statements is true of observational learning? Select one: a. It occurs when people make an association between two events. b. It rarely relies on mental processes. c. It takes place when a person notices and imitates another's behavior. d. It is unlikely to be used in educational settings. Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others. Select one: a. Instinctive drift b. Instinctive learning c. Preparedness d. Conceptualization Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Jack doesn't need to look at his keyboard while typing. His fingers automatically move over the keys as he types information into the computer. In the context of memory storage, which part of Jack's brain is active in the memory required to perform these skills? Select one: a. the temporal lobes b. the hippocampus c. the cerebellum d. the amygdala Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Belinda and John were best friends through their school years. Belinda now works in a café and has become good friends with her colleague, Jim. However, Belinda often finds herself referring to Jim as John, even though she has not spoken to John for at least four years. Belinda's confusion with these names may be attributed to the occurrence of Select one: a. proactive interference. b. retroactive interference. c. retrograde amnesia. d. anterograde amnesia. Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Kate is on the phone talking to her friend Paul, who is referring her for a job interview. Paul gives Kate a phone number, but before Kate can write it down, the call is disconnected. Kate can only recall the last three digits of the number that Paul gave her. This scenario best illustrates the ________ effect. Select one: a. primacy b. placebo c. recency d. echo Question 16 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of memory retrieval, which of the following is true of recognition? Select one: a. Recognition tests such as essay tests have poor retrieval cues. b. In the task of recognition, an individual has to retrieve previously learned information. c. In the task of recognition, an individual is typically confined to identify learned items. d. Recognition of a stimulus is far more difficult than recall of a stimulus. Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Why did cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler suggest that the term recovered memories be replaced with the term discovered memories? Select one: a. Individuals with "discovered" memories experience them as real, whether or not the memories are accurate. b. "Discovered" memories are more accurate and detailed than "recovered" memories. c. The term discovered memories avoids the negative connotations of the term recovered memories. d. Individuals with "discovered" memories realize that the memories may be inaccurate. Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of the role of language in cognition, which of the following is a contribution of linguist Benjamin Whorf (1956)? Select one: a. He believed that language milestones are dependent on the language input received from the environment. b. He argued that language determines the way people think. c. He believed that children learn the full rules and structure of languages by only imitating what they hear. d. He argued that children learn language by being completely aware of its underlying logic. Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ refers to a language's rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences. Select one: a. Phonology b. Semantic c. Morphology d. Syntax Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is the first step in the problem-solving process? Select one: a. evaluating solutions b. finding and framing problems c. developing good problem-solving strategies d. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text ________ are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics. Select one: a. Algorithms b. Concepts c. Semantics d. Matrices Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Standardization Select one: a. refers to the ability to yield a consistent result to what it is intended to measure. b. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. c. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. d. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Sam manages a fast-food restaurant. He is frustrated because employees often call in sick at the last minute before the start of their shift. Given that Sam recognizes this problem, which of the following is the next immediate step that he should take to solve this problem? Select one: a. Sam should rethink and redefine the problem and its solution over time. b. Sam should implement the solution that has been identified. c. Sam should evaluate the solutions offered by his employees. d. Sam should define the problem and develop strategies to solve it. Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics used for solving real-life problems? Select one: a. Heuristics are shortcut strategies. b. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. c. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. d. Algorithms are faster than heuristics. Question 25 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text In the context of loss aversion, identify a true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. Select one: a. People ascribe greater value to things they already own, compared to objects owned by someone else. b. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. c. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. d. People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome.