HLTH-8035E-1/PUBH-8035H-1/PUBH-8035-1/PUBH-8035D-1-QTR-QUESTION AND ANSWERS

True False 1.6 points QUESTION 2 True False 1.6 points QUESTION 3 1. Diseases that are appropriate for screening… a Have serious consequences . b Have a treatment that is more effective at an earlier stage . c Have a detectable preclinical phase that is fairly common in the . target population d All of the above . 1.7 points QUESTION 4 1. Use the following information to answer questions 4-8. Suppose that 50,000 women who have never had a breast cancer diagnosis are available and willing to participate in a new screening program of computerized digital mammography. 1132 women had a positive screening test. All of these positive women had a breast biopsy and 136 were diagnosed with breast cancer. Of the 48,868 who screened “negative” on the test, 24 were in fact in the detectable pre-clinical phase. This was determined by following these women and observing that all 24 were diagnosed with breast cancer within one year of the screening test. What is the prevalence of the detectable pre-clinical phase of breast cancer in this population? a 136/50,000 . b 160/50,000 . c 1,132/50,0 . 00 1.7 points QUESTION 5 1. Use the following information to answer questions 4-8. Suppose that 50,000 women who have never had a breast cancer diagnosis are available and willing to participate in a new screening program of computerized digital mammography. 1132 women had a positive screening test. All of these positive women had a breast biopsy and 136 were diagnosed with breast cancer. Of the 48,868 who screened “negative” on the test, 24 were in fact in the detectable pre-clinical phase. This was determined by following these women and observing that all 24 were diagnosed with breast cancer within one year of the screening test. What is the sensitivity of this new screening test? a 12% . b 85% . c 98% . d 99.9 . % 1.7 points QUESTION 6 1. Use the following information to answer questions 4-8. Suppose that 50,000 women who have never had a breast cancer diagnosis are available and willing to participate in a new screening program of computerized digital mammography. 1132 women had a a 12% . b 85% . c 98% . d 99.9 . % 1.7 points QUESTION 7 1. Use the following information to answer questions 4-8. Suppose that 50,000 women who have never had a breast cancer diagnosis are available and willing to participate in a new screening program of computerized digital mammography. 1132 women had a positive screening test. All of these positive women had a breast biopsy and 136 were diagnosed with breast cancer. Of the 48,868 who screened “negative” on the test, 24 were in fact in the detectable pre-clinical phase. This was determined by following these women and observing that all 24 were diagnosed with breast cancer within one year of the screening test. What is the predictive value of a positive test result for this new screening test? a 12% . b 85% . c 98% . d 99.9 . % 1.7 points QUESTION 8 1. Use the following information to answer questions 4-8. Suppose that 50,000 women who have never had a breast cancer diagnosis are available and willing to participate in a new screening program of computerized digital mammography. 1132 women had a positive screening test. All of these positive women had a breast biopsy and 136 were diagnosed with breast cancer. Of the 48,868 who screened “negative” on the test, 24 were in fact in the detectable pre-clinical phase. This was determined by following these women and observing that all 24 were diagnosed with breast cancer within one year of the screening test. a The colleague is screening a higher risk . population b The colleague is screening a lower risk . population c The colleague is screening a larger . population d The colleague is screening a smaller . population 1.7 points QUESTION 9 1. Lead time bias makes it erroneously appear that survival is better for screened versus unscreened cases. True False 1.6 points QUESTION 10 1. Length bias occurs because fast growing tumors are more likely to be picked up by a screening test than are slow growing tumors. True False 1.6 points QUESTION 11 1. What is the correct interpretation of the results of a calculation of specificity for a screening test of 97%? a The test is able to correctly classify as positive 97% of those with . the disease. b The test is able to correctly classify as negative 97% of those . without the disease. c Of those who screened positive, 97% of them actually have the . disease. d Of those who screened negative, 97% of them actually do not have . the disease. 1.7 points a Primary prevention means control of causal factors, while secondary prevention . means control of disease progression. b Primary prevention means control of acute disease, while secondary prevention . means control of chronic disease. c Primary prevention means control of causal factors, while secondary prevention . means early detection and treatment of disease. d Primary prevention means increasing resistance to disease, while secondary . prevention means decreasing exposure to disease. 1.7 points QUESTION 13 1. Sensitivity refers to the ability of a screening test to identify correctly all screened individuals who have a disease. True False 1.6 points QUESTION 14 1. Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test refer to its: a Reliability . b Validity . c Repeatability . d All of the . above 1.7 points QUESTION 15 1. If the same screening test is conducted in two populations, one with a high prevalence of the disease and one with a low prevalence of the disease, assuming the sensitivity and specificity of the screening test are the same, which of the following statements about positive predictive value (PPV) applies: a PPV is higher in the screened population with higher . prevalence b PPV is lower in the screened population with higher . prevalence c PPV is the same in both populations . d It cannot be determined .