HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM V1
ALL 55 ANSWERS
2020/2021
,1. The nurse is caring for a client with liver cirrhosis. Which
diagnostic test
will most likely be altered because of liver damage?
A Bone scan.
B Serum glucose.
C MRI of the chest.
D Colonoscopy.
With liver cirrhosis, there is an alteration in the function of liver tissue. One
function of the liver is to either breakdown glycogen into glucose in responseto
glucagon or produce glycogen in response to insulin. For the client with liver
cirrhosis, the blood glucose level could be either too high or too low. Choices
A,
C, and D are not specifically altered in liver cirrhosis.
2. A client recovering from a kidney transplant has an 8 mm area of induration
after an intradermal PPD tuberculin test. What will needto be
done prior to treating this client for active tuberculosis? A
Nothing since this is a diagnostic indication of active disease. B
Determine active disease present through a chest x-ray.
C Conduct a multiple-puncture tine test. D
Evaluate results of liver function tests.
A positive tuberculin test alone does not indicate active disease. A chest x-ray
will be done to evaluate for the presence of dense lesions in the apical and
posterior segments of the upper lobe and possible cavity formation. Choice Ais
incorrect because a positive tuberculin skin test alone does not indicateactive
disease. Choice C is incorrect because a multiple-puncture tine test is less
accurate than the PPD test. Choice D is incorrect because liver function testsare
obtained prior to treating with isoniazid. The client needs to be diagnosedwith
active tuberculosis first.
3. The nurse determines that a client is at risk for the developmentof
osteoporosis because of which assessment findings?
A African American female aged 45.
B Diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease.
C Infrequent alcohol intake.
D Participates in walking 5 times a week for 30 minutes.
A malabsorption disorder, such as inflammatory bowel disease, is a
nonmodifiable
risk for the development of osteoporosis. This disorder will affect
, calcium absorption. Choice A is incorrect because African American females
have greater bone density than other ethnic backgrounds. Choice C is
incorrect
because heavy alcohol intake suppresses bone formation and contributes to
nutritional deficiencies associated with osteoporosis. Choice D is incorrect
because walking increases blood flow to the bones and increases osteoblast
growth and activity.
4. A client’s latest electrocardiogram waveform is demonstratingchanges
in the ST segment. The nurse is concerned that the client will beginto
demonstrate:
A Ventricular
dysrhythmias.B Atrial
dysrhythmias.
C Atrioventricular conduction blocks.
D Sinus arrhythmias.
Ventricular dysrhythmias originate in the ventricles. One characteristic of this
waveform is an abnormal ST segment. Choice B is incorrect because P wave
changes are seen in atrial dysrhythmias. Choice C is incorrect because
changes
would be seen in the QRS complex and P waves. Choice D is incorrectbecause
a sinus arrhythmia is a sinus rhythm that fluctuates with respirations. There
are
no specific waveform changes with this arrhythmia.
5. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus has microalbuminuria. Thenurse
should prepare to instruct the client on which treatment for thisclinical
finding? (Select all that apply.)
A Weight management.
B Hypertension treatment.C
Exercise.
D Reduce salt intake.
E Postural hypotension.
Microalbuminuria is an abnormal level of albumin in the urine. For the client
with
type 2 diabetes mellitus, management of this finding includes weight
management, control of hypertension, exercise, and reduce salt intake.
Choice E
is incorrect because postural hypotension is a finding consistent withautonomic
neuropathies or another type of complication of diabetes mellitus.
6. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is surprised to learn of awound on
EXAM V1
ALL 55 ANSWERS
2020/2021
,1. The nurse is caring for a client with liver cirrhosis. Which
diagnostic test
will most likely be altered because of liver damage?
A Bone scan.
B Serum glucose.
C MRI of the chest.
D Colonoscopy.
With liver cirrhosis, there is an alteration in the function of liver tissue. One
function of the liver is to either breakdown glycogen into glucose in responseto
glucagon or produce glycogen in response to insulin. For the client with liver
cirrhosis, the blood glucose level could be either too high or too low. Choices
A,
C, and D are not specifically altered in liver cirrhosis.
2. A client recovering from a kidney transplant has an 8 mm area of induration
after an intradermal PPD tuberculin test. What will needto be
done prior to treating this client for active tuberculosis? A
Nothing since this is a diagnostic indication of active disease. B
Determine active disease present through a chest x-ray.
C Conduct a multiple-puncture tine test. D
Evaluate results of liver function tests.
A positive tuberculin test alone does not indicate active disease. A chest x-ray
will be done to evaluate for the presence of dense lesions in the apical and
posterior segments of the upper lobe and possible cavity formation. Choice Ais
incorrect because a positive tuberculin skin test alone does not indicateactive
disease. Choice C is incorrect because a multiple-puncture tine test is less
accurate than the PPD test. Choice D is incorrect because liver function testsare
obtained prior to treating with isoniazid. The client needs to be diagnosedwith
active tuberculosis first.
3. The nurse determines that a client is at risk for the developmentof
osteoporosis because of which assessment findings?
A African American female aged 45.
B Diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease.
C Infrequent alcohol intake.
D Participates in walking 5 times a week for 30 minutes.
A malabsorption disorder, such as inflammatory bowel disease, is a
nonmodifiable
risk for the development of osteoporosis. This disorder will affect
, calcium absorption. Choice A is incorrect because African American females
have greater bone density than other ethnic backgrounds. Choice C is
incorrect
because heavy alcohol intake suppresses bone formation and contributes to
nutritional deficiencies associated with osteoporosis. Choice D is incorrect
because walking increases blood flow to the bones and increases osteoblast
growth and activity.
4. A client’s latest electrocardiogram waveform is demonstratingchanges
in the ST segment. The nurse is concerned that the client will beginto
demonstrate:
A Ventricular
dysrhythmias.B Atrial
dysrhythmias.
C Atrioventricular conduction blocks.
D Sinus arrhythmias.
Ventricular dysrhythmias originate in the ventricles. One characteristic of this
waveform is an abnormal ST segment. Choice B is incorrect because P wave
changes are seen in atrial dysrhythmias. Choice C is incorrect because
changes
would be seen in the QRS complex and P waves. Choice D is incorrectbecause
a sinus arrhythmia is a sinus rhythm that fluctuates with respirations. There
are
no specific waveform changes with this arrhythmia.
5. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus has microalbuminuria. Thenurse
should prepare to instruct the client on which treatment for thisclinical
finding? (Select all that apply.)
A Weight management.
B Hypertension treatment.C
Exercise.
D Reduce salt intake.
E Postural hypotension.
Microalbuminuria is an abnormal level of albumin in the urine. For the client
with
type 2 diabetes mellitus, management of this finding includes weight
management, control of hypertension, exercise, and reduce salt intake.
Choice E
is incorrect because postural hypotension is a finding consistent withautonomic
neuropathies or another type of complication of diabetes mellitus.
6. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is surprised to learn of awound on
