2022 NEW ACTIAL UPDATE EXAM FOR PHARMACOLOGY II
(MUSCULOSKELETAL) COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What causes low back pain? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. most common complaint among
adults
2. mechanical: musculoligamentous injuries, age-related degenerative disease in
intervertebral disks and facet joints
-lumbar strain, degenerative disk and facets, herniated disk, spinal stenosis,
osteoporotic compression fracture, congenital disease
3. non-mechanical: inflammatory, infectious or systemic affecting vertebral
musculoskeletal structures
4. temporal
5. acute v. chronic
Name the risk factors for mechanical lower back pain? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. heavy
lifting and twisting
2. obesity
3. poor physical fitness/conditioning
4. hx of low back trauma
5. psychiatric hx (chronic LBP)
Name the classifications of LBP? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Acute
-<6 week duration
-3 clinical groups
--symptoms of potentially serious spinal condition (tumor, infection, fracture)
--sciatica (discomfort radiating to legs)
--nonspecific back symptoms (most common is strain of soft tissue elements)
2. chronic
-> 6 week duration
, Name the treatments for acute LBP? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. superficial heat, deep
heat, cold packs
2. NSAIDS MAINSTAY
3. NARCOTIC ONLY W/SEVERE PAIN AND SHORT TERM
4. reeval treatment after 4 weeks
5. goal: 90% better w/in 4 weeks
6. PT- work body mechanics, strengthen back muscles
Name the treatments for persistent LBP? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. intensive PT/OT
(poor compliance)
2. treatment of concomitant mental illness if present
--depressive disorder, generalized anxiety, ETOH and drug abuse
3. surgical repair of herniated disc or stenosis
Name the risk factors for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. estrogen deficiency
(menopause, nulliparous)
2. low BMI
3. Ca, vit D deficiency
4. ETOH abuse
5. insufficient physical activity
Name the outcomes of osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. fracture w/high
mortality and morbidity
-30 day mortality after hip fracture:
--17% if they also have acute medical problem
--43% w/ pneumonia
-post hip fx in elderly: only 50% go home, rest to assisted living
How is osteoporosis prevented (non-pharm)? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. diet (high Ca,
Vit D)
(MUSCULOSKELETAL) COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What causes low back pain? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. most common complaint among
adults
2. mechanical: musculoligamentous injuries, age-related degenerative disease in
intervertebral disks and facet joints
-lumbar strain, degenerative disk and facets, herniated disk, spinal stenosis,
osteoporotic compression fracture, congenital disease
3. non-mechanical: inflammatory, infectious or systemic affecting vertebral
musculoskeletal structures
4. temporal
5. acute v. chronic
Name the risk factors for mechanical lower back pain? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. heavy
lifting and twisting
2. obesity
3. poor physical fitness/conditioning
4. hx of low back trauma
5. psychiatric hx (chronic LBP)
Name the classifications of LBP? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Acute
-<6 week duration
-3 clinical groups
--symptoms of potentially serious spinal condition (tumor, infection, fracture)
--sciatica (discomfort radiating to legs)
--nonspecific back symptoms (most common is strain of soft tissue elements)
2. chronic
-> 6 week duration
, Name the treatments for acute LBP? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. superficial heat, deep
heat, cold packs
2. NSAIDS MAINSTAY
3. NARCOTIC ONLY W/SEVERE PAIN AND SHORT TERM
4. reeval treatment after 4 weeks
5. goal: 90% better w/in 4 weeks
6. PT- work body mechanics, strengthen back muscles
Name the treatments for persistent LBP? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. intensive PT/OT
(poor compliance)
2. treatment of concomitant mental illness if present
--depressive disorder, generalized anxiety, ETOH and drug abuse
3. surgical repair of herniated disc or stenosis
Name the risk factors for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. estrogen deficiency
(menopause, nulliparous)
2. low BMI
3. Ca, vit D deficiency
4. ETOH abuse
5. insufficient physical activity
Name the outcomes of osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. fracture w/high
mortality and morbidity
-30 day mortality after hip fracture:
--17% if they also have acute medical problem
--43% w/ pneumonia
-post hip fx in elderly: only 50% go home, rest to assisted living
How is osteoporosis prevented (non-pharm)? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. diet (high Ca,
Vit D)
