2022 NEW UPDATE EXAM WITH 250+ TRIAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FOR PHARMACOLOGY II (RESPIRATORY)
What is used to test pulmonary function? - Spirometry
What is spirometry (PFT) used for? - -eval obstructive/restrictive diseases
-b4 surgery
-weaning from a ventilator
-documenting the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention
What does PFT look at? - 1. VITAL CAPACITY (VC)
2. TIDAL VOLUME (VT)
3. residual volume (RV)
4. total lung capacity (TLC)
5. PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW (PEF)
6. FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC)
7. forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)
What is a normal FEV1 result? - >80% predicted
What is a mild FEV1 result? - 65-80% predicted
What is a moderate FEV1 result? - 50-65% predicted
What is a severe FEV1 result? - <50% predicted
What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio? - 80%
What FEV1/FVC ratio indicates obstructive pulmonary disease? - <70%
,What is a normal PaCO2 level? - 35-45
What is a normal bicarb ABG? - 22-26
What are the limitations of pulse oximetry? - does NOT substitute for an ABG
What are the nursing consideration for pulse oximetry? - 1. nail polish
2. bradycardia
3. anemia
4. circulation issues
What are the nursing considerations for a bronchoscopy? - 1. Prep for conscious
sedation
-NPO
-PIV
-sedation assessment
-remove dentures
2. patient education
What are the nursing considerations for a thoracentesis? - 1. sedation prep
2. patient education
3. assess dressing
4. monitor for SOB
What is the purpose of O2 therapy? - 1. provide adequate transport of O2 in blood
2. decrease work of breathing
3. reduce stress on myocardium
4. treat hypoxia
,What are the complications r/t O2 therapy? - 1. suppressed resp. drive
2. O2 toxicity
3. Fire
-O2 is not flammable-- makes other things more combustible
What are the nursing considerations r/t O2 therapy? - 1. need order for anything >2L
2. monitor O2
3. comfort
-humidification
4. mobility constraints
5. change tubing, mask, humidity bottle
6. oral care
-saliva substitute
What causes pneumonia? - 1. viral
2. bacterial
3. aspiration
What are the symptoms of pneumonia? - 1. cough, dyspnea, SOB, chest pain, pyrexia
2. ELDERLY-- CONFUSION, MEMORY ISSUES
3. auscultation-- diffuse cracles
How is pneumonia diagnosed? - 1. CXR
2. sputum
What are the classifications of pneumonia? - 1. CAP
2. HAP/HCAP
, 3. VAP
What are the two types of pneumonia vaccine? - 1. PCV13
2. PPSV23
What is the pneumonia vaccine purpose? - -prevent certain strains of bacterial and viral
-given annually w/flu shot
- recommended for high risk ppl
-similar risks as flu shot
-90% effective for serotypes included in vaccine
How is pneumonia managed medically? - 1. supportive
2. antibiotic therapy
How is pneumonia managed from a nursing standpoint? - 1. oxygen
2. sputum management
3. nutrition
4. hydration
5. activity
How is antibiotic therapy administered for pneumonia? - PO v. IV
What is mild antibiotic therapy? - 1. PO Macrolid ("mycins", AZITHROMYCIN,
erythromycin)
2. PO AUGMENTIN (penicillin abx)
What is moderate to severe antibiotic therapy? - 1. IV Cephalosporin ("cef" prefix-
CEFTRIAZONE)c or s macrolide
2. IV fluoroquinolone ("floxacins", LEVOFLOXACIN, moxifloxacin)
ANSWERS FOR PHARMACOLOGY II (RESPIRATORY)
What is used to test pulmonary function? - Spirometry
What is spirometry (PFT) used for? - -eval obstructive/restrictive diseases
-b4 surgery
-weaning from a ventilator
-documenting the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention
What does PFT look at? - 1. VITAL CAPACITY (VC)
2. TIDAL VOLUME (VT)
3. residual volume (RV)
4. total lung capacity (TLC)
5. PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW (PEF)
6. FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC)
7. forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)
What is a normal FEV1 result? - >80% predicted
What is a mild FEV1 result? - 65-80% predicted
What is a moderate FEV1 result? - 50-65% predicted
What is a severe FEV1 result? - <50% predicted
What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio? - 80%
What FEV1/FVC ratio indicates obstructive pulmonary disease? - <70%
,What is a normal PaCO2 level? - 35-45
What is a normal bicarb ABG? - 22-26
What are the limitations of pulse oximetry? - does NOT substitute for an ABG
What are the nursing consideration for pulse oximetry? - 1. nail polish
2. bradycardia
3. anemia
4. circulation issues
What are the nursing considerations for a bronchoscopy? - 1. Prep for conscious
sedation
-NPO
-PIV
-sedation assessment
-remove dentures
2. patient education
What are the nursing considerations for a thoracentesis? - 1. sedation prep
2. patient education
3. assess dressing
4. monitor for SOB
What is the purpose of O2 therapy? - 1. provide adequate transport of O2 in blood
2. decrease work of breathing
3. reduce stress on myocardium
4. treat hypoxia
,What are the complications r/t O2 therapy? - 1. suppressed resp. drive
2. O2 toxicity
3. Fire
-O2 is not flammable-- makes other things more combustible
What are the nursing considerations r/t O2 therapy? - 1. need order for anything >2L
2. monitor O2
3. comfort
-humidification
4. mobility constraints
5. change tubing, mask, humidity bottle
6. oral care
-saliva substitute
What causes pneumonia? - 1. viral
2. bacterial
3. aspiration
What are the symptoms of pneumonia? - 1. cough, dyspnea, SOB, chest pain, pyrexia
2. ELDERLY-- CONFUSION, MEMORY ISSUES
3. auscultation-- diffuse cracles
How is pneumonia diagnosed? - 1. CXR
2. sputum
What are the classifications of pneumonia? - 1. CAP
2. HAP/HCAP
, 3. VAP
What are the two types of pneumonia vaccine? - 1. PCV13
2. PPSV23
What is the pneumonia vaccine purpose? - -prevent certain strains of bacterial and viral
-given annually w/flu shot
- recommended for high risk ppl
-similar risks as flu shot
-90% effective for serotypes included in vaccine
How is pneumonia managed medically? - 1. supportive
2. antibiotic therapy
How is pneumonia managed from a nursing standpoint? - 1. oxygen
2. sputum management
3. nutrition
4. hydration
5. activity
How is antibiotic therapy administered for pneumonia? - PO v. IV
What is mild antibiotic therapy? - 1. PO Macrolid ("mycins", AZITHROMYCIN,
erythromycin)
2. PO AUGMENTIN (penicillin abx)
What is moderate to severe antibiotic therapy? - 1. IV Cephalosporin ("cef" prefix-
CEFTRIAZONE)c or s macrolide
2. IV fluoroquinolone ("floxacins", LEVOFLOXACIN, moxifloxacin)
