NEW STUDY GUIDE (2022) SOLUTION EXAM FOR PHARMACOLOGY II
(ENDOCRINE DISORDERS)
What is the process of Pituitary hormones? - 1.) hypothalamus releases releasing hormones
2.) pituitary gland releases tropic hormone (Stimulating hormone)
3.) endocrine gland release actual hormone
What is growth hormone? - 1.) stimulates liver to produce insulin-like growth factor SOMATOMEDIN-C
(stimulates the growth of bones and soft tissues)
2.) released d/t stress, exercise, LOW BG
3.) from ant. pituitary
What occurs d/t excess GH? - 1.) Children: giganticism
2.) Adults: acromegaly
What is acromegaly? - 1.) GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE, DM II
2.) enlarged extremities
3.) coarse facial features
4.) joint pain
5.) cardiomegaly: HTN, HF
5.) visual problems, sleep apnea
How do you managed excess GH? - -SANDOSTATIN (Octreotide)
What is the nursing care for acromegaly? - 1.) monitor/manage
-glucose
-sleep apnea
-HTN, HF
(cardiomegaly)
2.) periop care of a hypophysectomy
,-avoid straining, coughing, bending
-clear nasal drainage
-test BG
3.) medication management of hormone replacement
What is a GH deficiency? - 1.) children: dwarfism
2.) adults: non-specific such as fatigue/flat affect
How is GH deficiency managed? - SOMATOROPIN (genotropin/humatrope)
What is ADH (vasopressin)? - -released by posterior pituitary gland
-controls fluid balance
1.) excess -SIADH
2.) deficiency -DI
What is SIADH? - -excessive ADH released despite normal plasma osmolality
1.) caused mostly by cancer
What are the manifestations of SIADH? - 1.) dilutional hyponatremia
2.) water intox, cerebral edema
3.) fluid retention
-weight gain
-low UO
-3rd spacing
How is SIADH diagnosed? - 1.) serum sodium <134
2.) serum osmolality <280
3.) USG >1.030 (concentrated)
4.) head CT
, How is SIADH treated? - HYPERTONIC SALINE IV (SHIFT Na OUT cells)
DEMECLOCYCLINE
FUROSEMIDE
What is demeclocycline used for? - promotes water loss
What is DI? - deficiency of ADH
-increased osmolality and UO
1.) central: decreased ADH
What are the manifestations of DI? - LIMITING FLUID INTAKE DOES NOT RESULT IN LESS URINE
How is DI diagnosed? - 1.) fluid and water deprivation test
2.) urine chemistry (dilute)
3.) serum chemistry (concentrated)
How is DI treated? - 1.) correct underlying cause
2.) fluid replacement
2.) medications
What medications are used for DI? - DESMOPRESSIN/DDAVP
THIAZIDES
What is the process of hormones via the thyroid? - 1.) hypothalamus releases TRH
2.) PG releases TSH
3.) thyroid releases TH
-uses iodine to produce TH
-T3 and T4
(ENDOCRINE DISORDERS)
What is the process of Pituitary hormones? - 1.) hypothalamus releases releasing hormones
2.) pituitary gland releases tropic hormone (Stimulating hormone)
3.) endocrine gland release actual hormone
What is growth hormone? - 1.) stimulates liver to produce insulin-like growth factor SOMATOMEDIN-C
(stimulates the growth of bones and soft tissues)
2.) released d/t stress, exercise, LOW BG
3.) from ant. pituitary
What occurs d/t excess GH? - 1.) Children: giganticism
2.) Adults: acromegaly
What is acromegaly? - 1.) GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE, DM II
2.) enlarged extremities
3.) coarse facial features
4.) joint pain
5.) cardiomegaly: HTN, HF
5.) visual problems, sleep apnea
How do you managed excess GH? - -SANDOSTATIN (Octreotide)
What is the nursing care for acromegaly? - 1.) monitor/manage
-glucose
-sleep apnea
-HTN, HF
(cardiomegaly)
2.) periop care of a hypophysectomy
,-avoid straining, coughing, bending
-clear nasal drainage
-test BG
3.) medication management of hormone replacement
What is a GH deficiency? - 1.) children: dwarfism
2.) adults: non-specific such as fatigue/flat affect
How is GH deficiency managed? - SOMATOROPIN (genotropin/humatrope)
What is ADH (vasopressin)? - -released by posterior pituitary gland
-controls fluid balance
1.) excess -SIADH
2.) deficiency -DI
What is SIADH? - -excessive ADH released despite normal plasma osmolality
1.) caused mostly by cancer
What are the manifestations of SIADH? - 1.) dilutional hyponatremia
2.) water intox, cerebral edema
3.) fluid retention
-weight gain
-low UO
-3rd spacing
How is SIADH diagnosed? - 1.) serum sodium <134
2.) serum osmolality <280
3.) USG >1.030 (concentrated)
4.) head CT
, How is SIADH treated? - HYPERTONIC SALINE IV (SHIFT Na OUT cells)
DEMECLOCYCLINE
FUROSEMIDE
What is demeclocycline used for? - promotes water loss
What is DI? - deficiency of ADH
-increased osmolality and UO
1.) central: decreased ADH
What are the manifestations of DI? - LIMITING FLUID INTAKE DOES NOT RESULT IN LESS URINE
How is DI diagnosed? - 1.) fluid and water deprivation test
2.) urine chemistry (dilute)
3.) serum chemistry (concentrated)
How is DI treated? - 1.) correct underlying cause
2.) fluid replacement
2.) medications
What medications are used for DI? - DESMOPRESSIN/DDAVP
THIAZIDES
What is the process of hormones via the thyroid? - 1.) hypothalamus releases TRH
2.) PG releases TSH
3.) thyroid releases TH
-uses iodine to produce TH
-T3 and T4
