2022 EXAM REVIEW FOR PHARMACOLOGY II (FLUID IMBALANCES , DIURETICS) COMPLETE TOPIC

2022 EXAM REVIEW FOR PHARMACOLOGY II (FLUID IMBALANCES |
DIURETICS) COMPLETE TOPIC
Name the best way to monitor fluid status? CORRECT ANSWER -NEED at least 30-40
ml/hour out in urine


What can fluid volume excess cause? CORRECT ANSWER 1.) HF
2.) kidney failure
3.) SIADH
4.) venous insufficiency


What are the symptoms of hypervolemia? CORRECT ANSWER 1.) weight gain of 2 lbs
per 24 hours


4.) edema
-third spacing such as pleural effusion and pericardium, abdomen
5.) cough and dyspnea, crackles
\


What do hypervolemia labs look like? CORRECT ANSWER -typically low b/c
everything is diluted
-low BUN, H/H, K, Na, urine specific gravity, urine osmolality


What are the nursing interventions for hypervolemia? CORRECT ANSWER 1.) I/O and
daily weights
3.) Check for crackles
4.) peripheral edema (support extremities to decrease)
5.) Na restricted diet of 2g/day
6.) fluid restrictions (1-2 L/day)(lower IV fluid rates)
7.) diuretics
8.) semi-fowlers or fowlers position

, 9.) Fall risk
10.) Anticipate orders for Chest XR, CBC, electrolytes, ABGs, SaO2 and diuretics


What can cause hypovolemia? CORRECT ANSWER 1.) vomiting (will have low UO)
2.) diarrhea (will have low UO)
3.) gastric suction
4.) burn
5.) blood loss
6.) DI


What are the symptoms of hypovolemia? CORRECT ANSWER 1.) high UO
2.) increased fatigue and weakness
3.) low BP/inc HR and RR
4.) thready pulse
5.) dry mouth
6.) constant thirst
7.) Na+ imbalance--> weakness or seizures


What do hypovolemia labs look like? CORRECT ANSWER -generally high values, very
concentrated
-high H/H, Na, K, BUN, osmolality, urine specific gravity


What are the nursing interventions for hypovolemia? CORRECT ANSWER 1.) isotonic
or hypotonic solutions
2.) I/O and daily weights
3.) fall risk
4.) freq oral care