NR 325 Endocrine Disorders – Worksheet
Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day:
Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc.
Disorder/s Etiology/Pathophysiolo Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Tests Nursing Interventions Possible
gy and Collaborative Complications and
(Possible Causative and Management Treatments/Interven
Risk Factors) tions for
Complications
Diabetes Mellitus Type I Autoimmune disorder in Rapid Onset of symptoms: 1. A1c level of 6.5% or Management for Adult blindness (DM
which the body develops Sudden weight loss, greater hypoglycemia (below 70 retinopathy), end-stage
Juvenile-onset antibodies against insulin weakness and fatigue. 2. Fasting plasma glucose mg/dl) and hyperglycemia. renal disease
and/or pancreatic B cells that level at or above 126 (nephropathy),
Insulin-dependent produce insulin. Polydipsia >12L (excessive mg/dL. Control emotional and nontraumatic lower limb
disease thirst), polyuria, and (No food for 8 hrs) physical stress that can amputations and DM
Results are not enough insulin polyphagia. 3. 2-hour plasma glucose increase blood glucose. neuropathy.
to survive. level at or above 200
mg/dL Insulin administration: Goal is Diabetic ketoacidosis
Patients take exogenous 4. Hyperglycemic crisis of to achieve a glucose level of
insulin to compensate. a random test of at least 80 to 130 mg/dL before meals
Hyperglycemia: Plasma 200 and higher mg/dL Pancreas and Kidney
glucose level >200 mg/dL of Transplantations, usually it
Most insulin receptors are higher Footcare and dental hygiene: is done with patients who
located on skeletal muscle, fat, o Polyphagia- increased Fructosamine reflects encourage daily brushing and have end-stage kidney
and liver cells. hungry glycemia in previous 1-3 flossing in addition to regular disease.
o Polydipsia- excessive weeks visits to the dentist.
thirst
o Polyuria- excessive Exercise: 30 minutes- 5 Glaucoma
urine output days/wk aerobic (150
*Normal glucose level in o Acetone breath minutes/week)
range of 70 to 110 o Nausea, fatigue, and
mg/dL* blurred vision schedule exercise about 1 hour
o Un-explained weight after a meal or that they have a
10- to 15-g carbohydrate
loss
snack and check their blood
o Fasting plasma glucose
glucose level before
level 110-126 mg/dL
exercising.
Avoid strenuous exercises
may cause stress that causes
elevated blood glucose.
Teaching while Acutely Ill:
1
, NR 325 Endocrine Disorders – Worksheet
Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day:
Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc.
Disorder/s Etiology/Pathophysiolo Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Tests Nursing Interventions Possible
gy and Collaborative Complications and
(Possible Causative and Management Treatments/Interven
Risk Factors) tions for
Complications
In a person with type 1
diabetes who has
hyperglycemia and ketones,
exercise can worsen these
conditions.
Encourage patients to check
blood glucose at least every 4
hours during times of illness.
Acutely ill patients with type 1
diabetes whose blood glucose
value is greater than 240
mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) should
also check urine for ketones
every 3 to 4 hours
Teach patients to report
glucose levels exceeding 300
mg/dL for twice in a row or
the presence of moderate to
high urine ketone levels to the
HCP.
Maintain normal diet if able:
supplementing food intake
with carbohydrate-containing
fluids, such as low-sodium
soups, juices, and regular
sugar-sweetened decaffeinated
soft drinks.
2
, NR 325 Endocrine Disorders – Worksheet
Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day:
Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc.
Disorder/s Etiology/Pathophysiolo Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Tests Nursing Interventions Possible
gy and Collaborative Complications and
(Possible Causative and Management Treatments/Interven
Risk Factors) tions for
Complications
Diabetes Mellitus Type Pancreas continues to produce Gradual onset of Bariatric surgery >35 BMI Management for Type 1 DM
II some endogenous insulin but hyperglycemia. hypoglycemia (below 70
not enough of it is produced. mg/dl) and hyperglycemia. Hyperosmolar non-
Adult-onset diabetes Fatigue, recurrent infections, ketotic syndrome
Body does not use insulin prolonged wound healing, Non-insulin injectables (HNKS)
Non-insulin dependent effectively. visual changes.
diabetes Nutritional therapy: emphasize
35-40 ages Polydipsia, polyuria, achieving glucose, lipid, and Patient education:
polyphagia. BP goals. Weight loss Diet teaching and
Risk factors: obesity, carbohydrate counting by
overweight, advanced age, Carbohydrates- minimum of serving; ideal serving is 15
family history, elevated BP, 130 g/day grams; typically, 45 to 60 g
High triglycerides, decreased per meal.
level of HDL’s Fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, legumes, low fat dairy.
Include dietary fiber of 25 to
30 g/day.
Fats: limit saturated fats to
<7% of total calories; limit
cholesterol to <200 mg/day;
healthy fats come from plants
or olives, nuts, avocados.
Protein: should make up 15%
to 20% of total calories; High
protein diets not
recommended for weight loss.
Alcohol: 1 drink/day for
women; 2 drinks/day for men.
Exercise: perform resistance
training 3x/wk.
Insulin Therapy Issues Problems with insulin therapy Local reactions to insulin Hypoglycemia: <70 Somogyi effect treatment is
3
, NR 325 Endocrine Disorders – Worksheet
Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day:
Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc.
Disorder/s Etiology/Pathophysiolo Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Tests Nursing Interventions Possible
gy and Collaborative Complications and
(Possible Causative and Management Treatments/Interven
Risk Factors) tions for
Complications
include hypoglycemia, allergic cause itching, erythema, Shakiness, palpitations, less insulin in the evening.
reaction, and lipodystrophy burning sensation around the nervousness, diaphoresis,
injection site. cold and clammy, difficulty A bedtime snack, a reduction
Somogyi effect speaking in the dose of insulin, or both
A true insulin allergy is rare; can help to prevent this.
Urticaria and anaphylactic
Dawn Phenomenon shock.
Dawn Phenomenon treatment:
Lipodystrophy is atrophy or Is an increase in insulin or an
hypertrophy of subcutaneous adjustment in administration
tissue. Occurring if the same time.
injection sites are used
frequently. Creating
indentations in the skin.
Somogyi effect is
hyperglycemia in the
morning. A high dose of
insulin produces a decline in
blood glucose levels during
the night. As a result,
counterregulatory hormones
(glucagon, epinephrine,
cortisol) triggers
Rebound effect in which an
overdose of insulin causes
hyperglycemia.
Dawn Phenomenon
hyperglycemia that is present
on awakening. Because of
growth hormone and cortisol
that are excreted in increased
amounts in the early morning
4
Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day:
Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc.
Disorder/s Etiology/Pathophysiolo Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Tests Nursing Interventions Possible
gy and Collaborative Complications and
(Possible Causative and Management Treatments/Interven
Risk Factors) tions for
Complications
Diabetes Mellitus Type I Autoimmune disorder in Rapid Onset of symptoms: 1. A1c level of 6.5% or Management for Adult blindness (DM
which the body develops Sudden weight loss, greater hypoglycemia (below 70 retinopathy), end-stage
Juvenile-onset antibodies against insulin weakness and fatigue. 2. Fasting plasma glucose mg/dl) and hyperglycemia. renal disease
and/or pancreatic B cells that level at or above 126 (nephropathy),
Insulin-dependent produce insulin. Polydipsia >12L (excessive mg/dL. Control emotional and nontraumatic lower limb
disease thirst), polyuria, and (No food for 8 hrs) physical stress that can amputations and DM
Results are not enough insulin polyphagia. 3. 2-hour plasma glucose increase blood glucose. neuropathy.
to survive. level at or above 200
mg/dL Insulin administration: Goal is Diabetic ketoacidosis
Patients take exogenous 4. Hyperglycemic crisis of to achieve a glucose level of
insulin to compensate. a random test of at least 80 to 130 mg/dL before meals
Hyperglycemia: Plasma 200 and higher mg/dL Pancreas and Kidney
glucose level >200 mg/dL of Transplantations, usually it
Most insulin receptors are higher Footcare and dental hygiene: is done with patients who
located on skeletal muscle, fat, o Polyphagia- increased Fructosamine reflects encourage daily brushing and have end-stage kidney
and liver cells. hungry glycemia in previous 1-3 flossing in addition to regular disease.
o Polydipsia- excessive weeks visits to the dentist.
thirst
o Polyuria- excessive Exercise: 30 minutes- 5 Glaucoma
urine output days/wk aerobic (150
*Normal glucose level in o Acetone breath minutes/week)
range of 70 to 110 o Nausea, fatigue, and
mg/dL* blurred vision schedule exercise about 1 hour
o Un-explained weight after a meal or that they have a
10- to 15-g carbohydrate
loss
snack and check their blood
o Fasting plasma glucose
glucose level before
level 110-126 mg/dL
exercising.
Avoid strenuous exercises
may cause stress that causes
elevated blood glucose.
Teaching while Acutely Ill:
1
, NR 325 Endocrine Disorders – Worksheet
Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day:
Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc.
Disorder/s Etiology/Pathophysiolo Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Tests Nursing Interventions Possible
gy and Collaborative Complications and
(Possible Causative and Management Treatments/Interven
Risk Factors) tions for
Complications
In a person with type 1
diabetes who has
hyperglycemia and ketones,
exercise can worsen these
conditions.
Encourage patients to check
blood glucose at least every 4
hours during times of illness.
Acutely ill patients with type 1
diabetes whose blood glucose
value is greater than 240
mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L) should
also check urine for ketones
every 3 to 4 hours
Teach patients to report
glucose levels exceeding 300
mg/dL for twice in a row or
the presence of moderate to
high urine ketone levels to the
HCP.
Maintain normal diet if able:
supplementing food intake
with carbohydrate-containing
fluids, such as low-sodium
soups, juices, and regular
sugar-sweetened decaffeinated
soft drinks.
2
, NR 325 Endocrine Disorders – Worksheet
Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day:
Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc.
Disorder/s Etiology/Pathophysiolo Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Tests Nursing Interventions Possible
gy and Collaborative Complications and
(Possible Causative and Management Treatments/Interven
Risk Factors) tions for
Complications
Diabetes Mellitus Type Pancreas continues to produce Gradual onset of Bariatric surgery >35 BMI Management for Type 1 DM
II some endogenous insulin but hyperglycemia. hypoglycemia (below 70
not enough of it is produced. mg/dl) and hyperglycemia. Hyperosmolar non-
Adult-onset diabetes Fatigue, recurrent infections, ketotic syndrome
Body does not use insulin prolonged wound healing, Non-insulin injectables (HNKS)
Non-insulin dependent effectively. visual changes.
diabetes Nutritional therapy: emphasize
35-40 ages Polydipsia, polyuria, achieving glucose, lipid, and Patient education:
polyphagia. BP goals. Weight loss Diet teaching and
Risk factors: obesity, carbohydrate counting by
overweight, advanced age, Carbohydrates- minimum of serving; ideal serving is 15
family history, elevated BP, 130 g/day grams; typically, 45 to 60 g
High triglycerides, decreased per meal.
level of HDL’s Fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, legumes, low fat dairy.
Include dietary fiber of 25 to
30 g/day.
Fats: limit saturated fats to
<7% of total calories; limit
cholesterol to <200 mg/day;
healthy fats come from plants
or olives, nuts, avocados.
Protein: should make up 15%
to 20% of total calories; High
protein diets not
recommended for weight loss.
Alcohol: 1 drink/day for
women; 2 drinks/day for men.
Exercise: perform resistance
training 3x/wk.
Insulin Therapy Issues Problems with insulin therapy Local reactions to insulin Hypoglycemia: <70 Somogyi effect treatment is
3
, NR 325 Endocrine Disorders – Worksheet
Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day:
Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc.
Disorder/s Etiology/Pathophysiolo Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Tests Nursing Interventions Possible
gy and Collaborative Complications and
(Possible Causative and Management Treatments/Interven
Risk Factors) tions for
Complications
include hypoglycemia, allergic cause itching, erythema, Shakiness, palpitations, less insulin in the evening.
reaction, and lipodystrophy burning sensation around the nervousness, diaphoresis,
injection site. cold and clammy, difficulty A bedtime snack, a reduction
Somogyi effect speaking in the dose of insulin, or both
A true insulin allergy is rare; can help to prevent this.
Urticaria and anaphylactic
Dawn Phenomenon shock.
Dawn Phenomenon treatment:
Lipodystrophy is atrophy or Is an increase in insulin or an
hypertrophy of subcutaneous adjustment in administration
tissue. Occurring if the same time.
injection sites are used
frequently. Creating
indentations in the skin.
Somogyi effect is
hyperglycemia in the
morning. A high dose of
insulin produces a decline in
blood glucose levels during
the night. As a result,
counterregulatory hormones
(glucagon, epinephrine,
cortisol) triggers
Rebound effect in which an
overdose of insulin causes
hyperglycemia.
Dawn Phenomenon
hyperglycemia that is present
on awakening. Because of
growth hormone and cortisol
that are excreted in increased
amounts in the early morning
4
