Pharmacology NUR 2474 Module 10 Quiz
1. What can happen to the fetus if harm is done by drugs in the first trimester or through weeks 3
to 8?
- Most of the major fetal harm and gross malformations can be done here to the fetus
from teratogenic drugs.
2. What can happen to the fetus if harm is done by drugs in the 2nd/ 3rd trimesters or from week
9 to delivery?
- Period where teratogenic drug exposure can disrupt function rather than organ
development and formation.
FDA Class A pregnancy risk - Safest drugs as studies have shown that these drugs have failed to
demonstrate the risk of fetal harm
FDA Class B pregnancy risk - Slightly more of a risk, as human studies show no risk to the fetus
during first trimester, but in animals the drug can do harm on the offspring
FDA Class C pregnancy risk - Greater risk, but animal studies show risk for fetal harm but no
studies have been done on humans to show fetal harm
FDA Class D pregnancy risk - There is a proven risk for fetal harm, but benefits of use during
pregnancy must outweigh the risks.
FDA Class X pregnancy risk - There is a definite risk for fetal harm for use of the drug in
pregnancy and risk for fetal harm with adverse reactions. Women should not use this drug
during pregnancy.
3. What are the effects of alcohol on the pregnant women and fetus if taken during pregnancy?
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome may occur, but studies have not be done as they are unethical
to put the mom and baby through. However there may be a link for fetal abnormalities
still.
, 4. What should be avoided during pregnancy at all times?
- Alcohol
Lipid soluble drugs... - Do not require a transporter protein to cross the membrane of most cells
and tissues
Water soluble drugs... - Do not easily cross the membrane and need transporter proteins to be
let in and out of a membrane, safer to use!
5 What is the issue with lipid soluble membranes?
- Because they cross directly, they can cross the blood brain barrier quickly, placenta
quickly, and breastmilk quickly, causing potential harmful effects on the person and the
fetus.
6 Should patients with asthma and who are pregnant stop taking their asthma
medications to ensure no fetal harm?
- NO!- Asthma medications are needed in the pregnant women because uncontrolled
asthma can cause more detrimental effects on the fetus than the medications
themselves, such as stillbirths
7 What should we always do before giving a medication to a pregnant woman?
a. See if the benefits of giving the medication outweigh the risks
8 Do children receiving chemo drugs receive the same DRUGS as adults do?
a. YES!- They receive the same drugs as there are no specific pediatric chemo drugs
9 Do children receiving chemo drug receive the same DOSE of medications as adults do?
a. NO!- They should receive a pediatric dose of the drug based on age, weight, and
body surface area
10 At what year in life will the liver be fully matured and function at an adult level?
a. Liver Matures by 1 year old
1. What can happen to the fetus if harm is done by drugs in the first trimester or through weeks 3
to 8?
- Most of the major fetal harm and gross malformations can be done here to the fetus
from teratogenic drugs.
2. What can happen to the fetus if harm is done by drugs in the 2nd/ 3rd trimesters or from week
9 to delivery?
- Period where teratogenic drug exposure can disrupt function rather than organ
development and formation.
FDA Class A pregnancy risk - Safest drugs as studies have shown that these drugs have failed to
demonstrate the risk of fetal harm
FDA Class B pregnancy risk - Slightly more of a risk, as human studies show no risk to the fetus
during first trimester, but in animals the drug can do harm on the offspring
FDA Class C pregnancy risk - Greater risk, but animal studies show risk for fetal harm but no
studies have been done on humans to show fetal harm
FDA Class D pregnancy risk - There is a proven risk for fetal harm, but benefits of use during
pregnancy must outweigh the risks.
FDA Class X pregnancy risk - There is a definite risk for fetal harm for use of the drug in
pregnancy and risk for fetal harm with adverse reactions. Women should not use this drug
during pregnancy.
3. What are the effects of alcohol on the pregnant women and fetus if taken during pregnancy?
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome may occur, but studies have not be done as they are unethical
to put the mom and baby through. However there may be a link for fetal abnormalities
still.
, 4. What should be avoided during pregnancy at all times?
- Alcohol
Lipid soluble drugs... - Do not require a transporter protein to cross the membrane of most cells
and tissues
Water soluble drugs... - Do not easily cross the membrane and need transporter proteins to be
let in and out of a membrane, safer to use!
5 What is the issue with lipid soluble membranes?
- Because they cross directly, they can cross the blood brain barrier quickly, placenta
quickly, and breastmilk quickly, causing potential harmful effects on the person and the
fetus.
6 Should patients with asthma and who are pregnant stop taking their asthma
medications to ensure no fetal harm?
- NO!- Asthma medications are needed in the pregnant women because uncontrolled
asthma can cause more detrimental effects on the fetus than the medications
themselves, such as stillbirths
7 What should we always do before giving a medication to a pregnant woman?
a. See if the benefits of giving the medication outweigh the risks
8 Do children receiving chemo drugs receive the same DRUGS as adults do?
a. YES!- They receive the same drugs as there are no specific pediatric chemo drugs
9 Do children receiving chemo drug receive the same DOSE of medications as adults do?
a. NO!- They should receive a pediatric dose of the drug based on age, weight, and
body surface area
10 At what year in life will the liver be fully matured and function at an adult level?
a. Liver Matures by 1 year old
