AGNP Board exam – EENT Assessment
1. Question:
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus reveals small, rounded, slightly
irregular red spots embedded in the retina. These findings are consistent
with:
superficial retinal hemorrhages.
preretinal hemorrhages.
microaneurysms.
deep retinal hemorrhages. Correct
Explanation:
Deep retinal hemorrhages appear as small, rounded, slightly irregular red
spots and are sometimes called dot or blot hemorrhages. They occur in a
deeper layer of the retina than flame-shaped hemorrhages. Diabetes is a
common cause. Superficial retinal hemorrhages appear as small, linear,
flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi and are seen in hypertension,
papilledema, and occlusion of the retinal vein. Preretinal hemorrhages lie
anteriorly between the retina and the vitreous and are typically larger than
retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages obscure any underlying retinal
vessel. Microaneurysms present as tiny, round, red spots commonly seen in
and around the macular area. These are classic in diabetic retinopathy.
2. Question:
The whispered voice test allows the examiner to screen for:
low frequency hearing loss.
high frequency hearing loss.
general hearing loss. Correct
conductive hearing loss.
Explanation:
The whispered voice test for auditory acuity and allows the examiner to
screen for general hearing loss. In the elderly who have presbycusis, high
,frequency hearing loss is present. Since consonants are higher frequency
sounds than vowels, these sounds are often missed.
3. Question:
On examination of the tympanic membrane, a red bulging ear drum is
detected. This is consistent with:
acute otitis externa.
chronic otitis externa.
acute otitis media. Correct
a serous effusion.
Explanation:
A red bulging tympanic membrane may be found in a patient who has acute
otitis media. In acute otitis externa, the canal may be swollen, narrow, moist
and pale with tenderness on touching. The ear drum is intact. In chronic
otitis externa, the skin of the canal may be thickened, red, and pruritic. The
ear drum is usually unaffected. With serous effusion the ear drum appears
amber and there usually is no bulging of the eardrum.
4. Question:
One of the refractive errors of vision that presents with symptoms of
blurriness and improved with corrective lens, is known as:
hyperopia.
myopia.
strabismus.
astigmatism. Correct
Explanation:
Myopia, nearsightedness, occurs when light rays focus anterior to the retina.
Hyperopia, farsightedness, occurs when light rays focus posterior to the
retina. Strabismus, heterotropia, is a condition in which the eyes are not
properly aligned with each other. In astigmatism, light rays do not focus
correctly on the retina. This causes blurriness.
, 5. Question:
Miosis is a term used to describe:
the shape of the pupils.
constriction of the pupils. Correct
dilation of the pupils.
symmetry of the pupils.
Explanation:
Miosis refers to constriction of the pupils, mydriasis refers to dilation. Miosis
is not associated with the shape or symmetry of the pupils.
6. Question:
Otosclerosis is an example of a(n):
conductive hearing loss. Correct
sensorineural hearing loss.
mixed hearing loss.
acquired hearing loss.
Explanation:
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder of the labyrinthine capsule in which
abnormal bone growth occurs around the ossicles resulting in fixation of the
stapes. The stapes does not vibrate which reduces sound transmission to the
inner ear. This produces a conductive hearing loss.
7. Question:
Drooping of the upper eyelid is termed:
an epicanthal fold.
ptosis. Correct
a retracted lid.
ectropion.
Explanation:
, Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid and can be caused by myasthenia
gravis, damage to the oculomotor nerve, or to the sympathetic nerve supply
(Horner's syndrome). A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and the weight of
herniated fat may cause senile ptosis. Ptosis can also be congenital. An
epicanthal fold is a vertical fold of skin that lies over the medial canthus. A
retracted lid is seen as a wide eyed stare. Ectropion is seen when the lower
lid turns outward and exposes the palpebral conjunctiva.
8. Question:
When a light beam shines into one pupil causing pupillary constriction in that
eye, the term used is:
indirect reaction to light.
consensual reaction to light.
optic radiation.
direct reaction to light. Correct
Explanation:
The pupils of both eyes respond identically to a light stimulus regardless of
which eye has been stimulated. The direct response describes light entering
one eye that produces constriction of the pupil of that eye. A consensual
response describes constriction of the unstimulated pupil. These reactions
should be compared in both eyes and if there is a difference, further
investigation is warranted. Optic radiation is a term used to describe the
tract that nerve impulses follow through the retina, optic nerve, and optic
tract.
9. Question:
Where in the mouth would reddened areas, nodules, or ulcerations that are
suspicious of malignancy be present?
Mucous membranes
Tongue Correct
Gums
1. Question:
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus reveals small, rounded, slightly
irregular red spots embedded in the retina. These findings are consistent
with:
superficial retinal hemorrhages.
preretinal hemorrhages.
microaneurysms.
deep retinal hemorrhages. Correct
Explanation:
Deep retinal hemorrhages appear as small, rounded, slightly irregular red
spots and are sometimes called dot or blot hemorrhages. They occur in a
deeper layer of the retina than flame-shaped hemorrhages. Diabetes is a
common cause. Superficial retinal hemorrhages appear as small, linear,
flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi and are seen in hypertension,
papilledema, and occlusion of the retinal vein. Preretinal hemorrhages lie
anteriorly between the retina and the vitreous and are typically larger than
retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages obscure any underlying retinal
vessel. Microaneurysms present as tiny, round, red spots commonly seen in
and around the macular area. These are classic in diabetic retinopathy.
2. Question:
The whispered voice test allows the examiner to screen for:
low frequency hearing loss.
high frequency hearing loss.
general hearing loss. Correct
conductive hearing loss.
Explanation:
The whispered voice test for auditory acuity and allows the examiner to
screen for general hearing loss. In the elderly who have presbycusis, high
,frequency hearing loss is present. Since consonants are higher frequency
sounds than vowels, these sounds are often missed.
3. Question:
On examination of the tympanic membrane, a red bulging ear drum is
detected. This is consistent with:
acute otitis externa.
chronic otitis externa.
acute otitis media. Correct
a serous effusion.
Explanation:
A red bulging tympanic membrane may be found in a patient who has acute
otitis media. In acute otitis externa, the canal may be swollen, narrow, moist
and pale with tenderness on touching. The ear drum is intact. In chronic
otitis externa, the skin of the canal may be thickened, red, and pruritic. The
ear drum is usually unaffected. With serous effusion the ear drum appears
amber and there usually is no bulging of the eardrum.
4. Question:
One of the refractive errors of vision that presents with symptoms of
blurriness and improved with corrective lens, is known as:
hyperopia.
myopia.
strabismus.
astigmatism. Correct
Explanation:
Myopia, nearsightedness, occurs when light rays focus anterior to the retina.
Hyperopia, farsightedness, occurs when light rays focus posterior to the
retina. Strabismus, heterotropia, is a condition in which the eyes are not
properly aligned with each other. In astigmatism, light rays do not focus
correctly on the retina. This causes blurriness.
, 5. Question:
Miosis is a term used to describe:
the shape of the pupils.
constriction of the pupils. Correct
dilation of the pupils.
symmetry of the pupils.
Explanation:
Miosis refers to constriction of the pupils, mydriasis refers to dilation. Miosis
is not associated with the shape or symmetry of the pupils.
6. Question:
Otosclerosis is an example of a(n):
conductive hearing loss. Correct
sensorineural hearing loss.
mixed hearing loss.
acquired hearing loss.
Explanation:
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder of the labyrinthine capsule in which
abnormal bone growth occurs around the ossicles resulting in fixation of the
stapes. The stapes does not vibrate which reduces sound transmission to the
inner ear. This produces a conductive hearing loss.
7. Question:
Drooping of the upper eyelid is termed:
an epicanthal fold.
ptosis. Correct
a retracted lid.
ectropion.
Explanation:
, Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid and can be caused by myasthenia
gravis, damage to the oculomotor nerve, or to the sympathetic nerve supply
(Horner's syndrome). A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and the weight of
herniated fat may cause senile ptosis. Ptosis can also be congenital. An
epicanthal fold is a vertical fold of skin that lies over the medial canthus. A
retracted lid is seen as a wide eyed stare. Ectropion is seen when the lower
lid turns outward and exposes the palpebral conjunctiva.
8. Question:
When a light beam shines into one pupil causing pupillary constriction in that
eye, the term used is:
indirect reaction to light.
consensual reaction to light.
optic radiation.
direct reaction to light. Correct
Explanation:
The pupils of both eyes respond identically to a light stimulus regardless of
which eye has been stimulated. The direct response describes light entering
one eye that produces constriction of the pupil of that eye. A consensual
response describes constriction of the unstimulated pupil. These reactions
should be compared in both eyes and if there is a difference, further
investigation is warranted. Optic radiation is a term used to describe the
tract that nerve impulses follow through the retina, optic nerve, and optic
tract.
9. Question:
Where in the mouth would reddened areas, nodules, or ulcerations that are
suspicious of malignancy be present?
Mucous membranes
Tongue Correct
Gums
