NSG 6320 AGNP Board Exam – Orthopedics
Assessment Exam
1. Question:
The axioscapular group of muscles include which one of the following?
Supraspinatus
Trapezius Correct
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major
Explanation:
The axioscapular group attaches the trunk to the scapula and includes the
trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior, and levator scapulae. The
scapulohumeral group of muscles extends from the scapula to the humerus
and includes the muscles inserting directly on the humerus. This group
includes the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
The axiohumeral muscle group attaches the trunk to the humerus and
includes the pectoralis major and minor, and the latissimus dorsi.
2. Question:
An example of a cartilaginous joint would be the:
vertebral bodies of the spine. Correct
skull.
shoulder.
knee.
Explanation:
Vertebral bodies of the spine and the pubic symphysis of the pelvis are
examples of cartilaginous joints. Examples of synovial joints include the
shoulder, knee, hip, wrist, distal radioulnar, elbow, and carpals. The skull is
an example of the fibrous joint.
3. Question:
The part of the ulna that forms the outer prominence of the elbow is referred
to as the:
olecranon bursa.
olecranon fossa.
olecranon process. Correct
olecranon.
Explanation:
The part of the ulna that forms the outer prominence of the elbow is referred
to as the olecranon process. This process fits into the fossa of the humerus
when the arm is extended.
, 4. Question:
To assess muscle tone in the legs, support the patient's thigh with one hand,
grasp the foot with the other, and:
extend the patient's feet.
flex and extend the patient's knee and ankle on each side. Correct
have the patient try to lift the foot.
feel for jerkiness in the calf.
Explanation:
To assess muscle tone in the legs, support the patient's thigh with one hand,
grasp the foot with the other, and flex and extend the patient's knee and
ankle on each side noting for any resistance to the movements.
5. Question:
When grading muscle strength, a grade of three would indicate:
no muscular contraction detected.
barely detectable trace of contraction.
active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated.
active movement against gravity. Correct
Explanation:
A grade of three would indicate active movement against gravity. Zero
muscular strength would indicate no muscular contraction was noted on
exam. A grade of one indicates a barely detectable trace of contraction
noted on exam. For active movement of the body part with gravity
eliminated, a grade of two would be noted.
6. Question:
Joints in which bones have intervening layers of fibrous tissue or cartilage
holding the bones together are referred to as:
cartilaginous joints.
synovial joints.
fibrous joints. Correct
extra-articular joints.
Explanation:
Fibrous joints, such as the sutures of the skull, have intervening layers of
fibrous tissue or cartilage holding the bones together. The bones are almost
in direct contact and do not allow movement. Cartilaginous joints, such as
those between vertebrae and the symphysis pubis, are slightly movable. In
these joints, fibrocartilaginous discs separate the bony surfaces. Joints in
which bones do not touch each other, and the joint articulations are freely
moveable (within the limits surrounding ligaments) are called synovial joints.
Extra-articular refers to the structures of selected regions of the joint and
types of movement.
, 7. Question:
Passive flexion, varus stress, and external rotation of the lower leg evaluates
the:
medial meniscus. Correct
lateral meniscus.
lateral collateral ligament (LCL).
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
Explanation:
Passive flexion, varus stress, and external rotation of the lower leg evaluates
the medial meniscus.
8. Question:
When examining the knee, the presence of a palpable fluid wave with the
returning fluid wave into the suprapatellar pouch is noted. This positive sign
for effusion of the knee is known as the:
balloon sign. Correct
bulge sign.
balloting sign.
McMurray's sign.
Explanation:
A positive balloon sign for effusion in the knee is the presence of a palpable
fluid wave with a returning fluid wave into suprapatellar pouch. When
examining the knee, a fluid wave on the medial side between the patella and
the femur is noted. This positive sign for effusion is known as the bulge sign.
Balloting of the patella is tested by compressing the suprapatellar pouch and
pushing the patella sharply against the femur. If fluid returns to the
suprapatellar pouch, then an effusion of the knee is diagnosed. McMurray's
test checks for tears in the medial meniscus.
9. Question:
The Abduction (or Valgus) Stress Test is a maneuver used to assess the
function of the:
Achilles tendon.
medial meniscus.
medial collateral ligament (MCL). Correct
lateral collateral ligament (LCL).
Explanation:
The Abduction (or Valgus) Stress Test is a maneuver that evaluates the
function of the medial collateral ligament. To perform this test, place the
knee in thirty degrees of flexion. While stabilizing the knee, abduct the ankle.
If the knee joint abducts greater than the uninjured knee, the test is positive.
This is suggestive of a medical collateral ligament tear.
, 10. Question:
The dorsiflexors muscles in the foot include the:
posterior tibial muscle.
gastrocnemius.
toe flexors.
toe extensors. Correct
Explanation:
The dorsiflexors in the foot include the anterior tibial muscles and the toe
extensors.
11. Question:
Thenar atrophy suggests:
an ulnar nerve disorder.
a median nerve disorder. Correct
a radial nerve disorder.
a superficial branch of the radial nerve.
Explanation:
Thenar atrophy suggests a median nerve disorder such as carpal tunnel
syndrome. This is evidenced by muscle wasting in the palm of the hand.
12. Question:
Pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles
over bone or other joint structures are referred to as:
synovial joints.
bursae. Correct
joint capsule.
synovial membrane.
Explanation:
Pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles
over bone or other joint structures are referred to as bursae. (Bursae is
plural. Bursa is singular).
13. Question:
A patient experienced a neck injury yesterday and presents to the nurse
practitioner with aching paracervical pain and stiffness. Other complaints
include dizziness, malaise, and fatigue. These findings may be associated
with:
mechanical neck pain.
mechanical neck pain with whiplash. Correct
cervical radiculopathy.
cervical myelopathy.
Assessment Exam
1. Question:
The axioscapular group of muscles include which one of the following?
Supraspinatus
Trapezius Correct
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major
Explanation:
The axioscapular group attaches the trunk to the scapula and includes the
trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior, and levator scapulae. The
scapulohumeral group of muscles extends from the scapula to the humerus
and includes the muscles inserting directly on the humerus. This group
includes the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
The axiohumeral muscle group attaches the trunk to the humerus and
includes the pectoralis major and minor, and the latissimus dorsi.
2. Question:
An example of a cartilaginous joint would be the:
vertebral bodies of the spine. Correct
skull.
shoulder.
knee.
Explanation:
Vertebral bodies of the spine and the pubic symphysis of the pelvis are
examples of cartilaginous joints. Examples of synovial joints include the
shoulder, knee, hip, wrist, distal radioulnar, elbow, and carpals. The skull is
an example of the fibrous joint.
3. Question:
The part of the ulna that forms the outer prominence of the elbow is referred
to as the:
olecranon bursa.
olecranon fossa.
olecranon process. Correct
olecranon.
Explanation:
The part of the ulna that forms the outer prominence of the elbow is referred
to as the olecranon process. This process fits into the fossa of the humerus
when the arm is extended.
, 4. Question:
To assess muscle tone in the legs, support the patient's thigh with one hand,
grasp the foot with the other, and:
extend the patient's feet.
flex and extend the patient's knee and ankle on each side. Correct
have the patient try to lift the foot.
feel for jerkiness in the calf.
Explanation:
To assess muscle tone in the legs, support the patient's thigh with one hand,
grasp the foot with the other, and flex and extend the patient's knee and
ankle on each side noting for any resistance to the movements.
5. Question:
When grading muscle strength, a grade of three would indicate:
no muscular contraction detected.
barely detectable trace of contraction.
active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated.
active movement against gravity. Correct
Explanation:
A grade of three would indicate active movement against gravity. Zero
muscular strength would indicate no muscular contraction was noted on
exam. A grade of one indicates a barely detectable trace of contraction
noted on exam. For active movement of the body part with gravity
eliminated, a grade of two would be noted.
6. Question:
Joints in which bones have intervening layers of fibrous tissue or cartilage
holding the bones together are referred to as:
cartilaginous joints.
synovial joints.
fibrous joints. Correct
extra-articular joints.
Explanation:
Fibrous joints, such as the sutures of the skull, have intervening layers of
fibrous tissue or cartilage holding the bones together. The bones are almost
in direct contact and do not allow movement. Cartilaginous joints, such as
those between vertebrae and the symphysis pubis, are slightly movable. In
these joints, fibrocartilaginous discs separate the bony surfaces. Joints in
which bones do not touch each other, and the joint articulations are freely
moveable (within the limits surrounding ligaments) are called synovial joints.
Extra-articular refers to the structures of selected regions of the joint and
types of movement.
, 7. Question:
Passive flexion, varus stress, and external rotation of the lower leg evaluates
the:
medial meniscus. Correct
lateral meniscus.
lateral collateral ligament (LCL).
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
Explanation:
Passive flexion, varus stress, and external rotation of the lower leg evaluates
the medial meniscus.
8. Question:
When examining the knee, the presence of a palpable fluid wave with the
returning fluid wave into the suprapatellar pouch is noted. This positive sign
for effusion of the knee is known as the:
balloon sign. Correct
bulge sign.
balloting sign.
McMurray's sign.
Explanation:
A positive balloon sign for effusion in the knee is the presence of a palpable
fluid wave with a returning fluid wave into suprapatellar pouch. When
examining the knee, a fluid wave on the medial side between the patella and
the femur is noted. This positive sign for effusion is known as the bulge sign.
Balloting of the patella is tested by compressing the suprapatellar pouch and
pushing the patella sharply against the femur. If fluid returns to the
suprapatellar pouch, then an effusion of the knee is diagnosed. McMurray's
test checks for tears in the medial meniscus.
9. Question:
The Abduction (or Valgus) Stress Test is a maneuver used to assess the
function of the:
Achilles tendon.
medial meniscus.
medial collateral ligament (MCL). Correct
lateral collateral ligament (LCL).
Explanation:
The Abduction (or Valgus) Stress Test is a maneuver that evaluates the
function of the medial collateral ligament. To perform this test, place the
knee in thirty degrees of flexion. While stabilizing the knee, abduct the ankle.
If the knee joint abducts greater than the uninjured knee, the test is positive.
This is suggestive of a medical collateral ligament tear.
, 10. Question:
The dorsiflexors muscles in the foot include the:
posterior tibial muscle.
gastrocnemius.
toe flexors.
toe extensors. Correct
Explanation:
The dorsiflexors in the foot include the anterior tibial muscles and the toe
extensors.
11. Question:
Thenar atrophy suggests:
an ulnar nerve disorder.
a median nerve disorder. Correct
a radial nerve disorder.
a superficial branch of the radial nerve.
Explanation:
Thenar atrophy suggests a median nerve disorder such as carpal tunnel
syndrome. This is evidenced by muscle wasting in the palm of the hand.
12. Question:
Pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles
over bone or other joint structures are referred to as:
synovial joints.
bursae. Correct
joint capsule.
synovial membrane.
Explanation:
Pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles
over bone or other joint structures are referred to as bursae. (Bursae is
plural. Bursa is singular).
13. Question:
A patient experienced a neck injury yesterday and presents to the nurse
practitioner with aching paracervical pain and stiffness. Other complaints
include dizziness, malaise, and fatigue. These findings may be associated
with:
mechanical neck pain.
mechanical neck pain with whiplash. Correct
cervical radiculopathy.
cervical myelopathy.
