NSG 6320 AGNP Board Exam – Urology Assessment
Exam
1. Question:
In renal adaptation of the newborn, which one of the following statements is
correct?
The kidneys have an inability to concentrate urine and adapt to fluid and
electrolyte stress. Correct
In the nephrons of the kidneys long tubules enhance the effectiveness of
tubular reabsorption.
The kidneys are fully capable of concentrating urine and maintaining fluid
and electrolyte balance.
The kidneys have the ability to increase the production of antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) effectively.
Explanation:
In the neonate the kidneys are structurally complete but physiologically
immature. The glomeruli have an inability to filter and concentrate urine,
therefore glucose and amino acids escape and there is decreased ability to
remove uric acid crystals which give the reddish appearance to the urine.
There is an inability to adapt to fluid and electrolyte stress leading to loss of
bicarbonate and poor reabsorption. This puts the neonate at increased risk of
metabolic acidosis. The tubules are short/narrow which causes a problem
with reabsorption. The nephrons function well within a month. ADH inhibits
diuresis and the immature kidney causes an increased risk for dehydration.
2. Question:
What is the most common non-skin cancer in America?
Uterine cancer
Bladder cancer
Cervical cancer
Prostate cancer Correct
Explanation:
Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in America; 1 in 8 men
will be diagnosed with it at some point in their lives. In fact, nearly 60% of all
prostate cancers are diagnosed in men older than 65.
3. Question:
Patients with prior hypospadias surgery who develop slow and painful
urination as well as prostatitis are experiencing symptoms of:
neurogenic bladder.
urethral stricture. Correct
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
, prostate cancer.
Explanation:
A urethral stricture may occur in patients who have undergone hypospadias
surgery and experience voiding symptoms such as urinary retention and
straining to void. Neurogenic bladder symptoms include urinary retention
and/or incontinence associated with other underlying chronic neurologic
conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis) or after spinal cord injury. Patients with
BPH experience an increase in daytime frequency, nocturia, urinary
incontinence, and terminal dribbling. Prostate cancer is usually
asymptomatic but can sometimes present with storage, voiding, or irritative
symptoms.
4. Question:
What is the average urine pH level?
4.5
6 Correct
7
8
Explanation:
The average urine pH level is 5-6, acid pH is 4.5-5.5, and alkaline pH is 6.5-8.
5. Question:
Symptoms of proctitis may include all of the following except:
left-sided abdominal pain.
rectal pain.
suprapubic pain. Correct
tenesmus.
Explanation:
Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum leading to rectal pain,
bleeding, and a continuous sensation to defecate (tenesmus). Additional
symptoms may also include left-sided abdominal pain, diarrhea, pain with
bowel movements, and a feeling of fullness in the rectum. Suprapubic pain is
not generally associated with proctitis.
6. Question:
A useful mnemonic for elucidating causes of incontinence in the older adult
is:
STOOL.
DIAPERS. Correct
DRIP.
URINE.
Explanation:
, For elucidating causes of incontinence, two mnemonics may be helpful:
DIAPERS, (Delirium, Infection, Atrophic urethritis/vaginitis, Pharmaceuticals,
Excess urine output from conditions like hyperglycemia or heart failure,
Restricted mobility, and Stool impaction) and DDRRIIPP (Delirium, Drug side
effects, Retention of feces, Restricted mobility, Infection of urine,
Inflammation, Polyuria, and Psychogenic).
7. Question:
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with nephrotic
syndrome?
Proteinuria
Hyperlipidemia
Lower leg edema
Hyperalbuminosa Correct
Explanation:
Nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed by the presence of proteinuria,
hyperlipidemia, edema, or swelling (usually in the legs, feet, or ankles and
less often in the hands or face), and hypoalbuminemia.
8. Question:
In afebrile patients who experience intermittent sharp flank pain in addition
to gross hematuria, further testing would be indicated for:
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
pyelonephritis.
nephrolithiasis. Correct
urethritis.
Explanation:
The majority of patients with symptomatic nephrolithiasis have intermittent
flank pain/renal colic in addition to gross or microscopic hematuria. In the
absence of infection, fever is unusual in patients with nephrolithiasis.
Abdominal or pelvic pain and fever are the most common clinical findings in
patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), although dysuria may also
be present. Pyelonephritis often presents with flank pain, fever, and pyuria.
Symptoms of urethritis include dysuria, pyuria, or burning with urination.
Flank pain or hematuria is not present in urethritis.
9. Question:
After running a 5K race, a 35-year-old man presents with complaints of
muscle pain in the shoulders, weakness in both legs, and dark brown urine.
These findings are consistent with:
a urinary tract infection (UTI).
rhabdomyolysis. Correct
acute renal failure.
Exam
1. Question:
In renal adaptation of the newborn, which one of the following statements is
correct?
The kidneys have an inability to concentrate urine and adapt to fluid and
electrolyte stress. Correct
In the nephrons of the kidneys long tubules enhance the effectiveness of
tubular reabsorption.
The kidneys are fully capable of concentrating urine and maintaining fluid
and electrolyte balance.
The kidneys have the ability to increase the production of antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) effectively.
Explanation:
In the neonate the kidneys are structurally complete but physiologically
immature. The glomeruli have an inability to filter and concentrate urine,
therefore glucose and amino acids escape and there is decreased ability to
remove uric acid crystals which give the reddish appearance to the urine.
There is an inability to adapt to fluid and electrolyte stress leading to loss of
bicarbonate and poor reabsorption. This puts the neonate at increased risk of
metabolic acidosis. The tubules are short/narrow which causes a problem
with reabsorption. The nephrons function well within a month. ADH inhibits
diuresis and the immature kidney causes an increased risk for dehydration.
2. Question:
What is the most common non-skin cancer in America?
Uterine cancer
Bladder cancer
Cervical cancer
Prostate cancer Correct
Explanation:
Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in America; 1 in 8 men
will be diagnosed with it at some point in their lives. In fact, nearly 60% of all
prostate cancers are diagnosed in men older than 65.
3. Question:
Patients with prior hypospadias surgery who develop slow and painful
urination as well as prostatitis are experiencing symptoms of:
neurogenic bladder.
urethral stricture. Correct
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
, prostate cancer.
Explanation:
A urethral stricture may occur in patients who have undergone hypospadias
surgery and experience voiding symptoms such as urinary retention and
straining to void. Neurogenic bladder symptoms include urinary retention
and/or incontinence associated with other underlying chronic neurologic
conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis) or after spinal cord injury. Patients with
BPH experience an increase in daytime frequency, nocturia, urinary
incontinence, and terminal dribbling. Prostate cancer is usually
asymptomatic but can sometimes present with storage, voiding, or irritative
symptoms.
4. Question:
What is the average urine pH level?
4.5
6 Correct
7
8
Explanation:
The average urine pH level is 5-6, acid pH is 4.5-5.5, and alkaline pH is 6.5-8.
5. Question:
Symptoms of proctitis may include all of the following except:
left-sided abdominal pain.
rectal pain.
suprapubic pain. Correct
tenesmus.
Explanation:
Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum leading to rectal pain,
bleeding, and a continuous sensation to defecate (tenesmus). Additional
symptoms may also include left-sided abdominal pain, diarrhea, pain with
bowel movements, and a feeling of fullness in the rectum. Suprapubic pain is
not generally associated with proctitis.
6. Question:
A useful mnemonic for elucidating causes of incontinence in the older adult
is:
STOOL.
DIAPERS. Correct
DRIP.
URINE.
Explanation:
, For elucidating causes of incontinence, two mnemonics may be helpful:
DIAPERS, (Delirium, Infection, Atrophic urethritis/vaginitis, Pharmaceuticals,
Excess urine output from conditions like hyperglycemia or heart failure,
Restricted mobility, and Stool impaction) and DDRRIIPP (Delirium, Drug side
effects, Retention of feces, Restricted mobility, Infection of urine,
Inflammation, Polyuria, and Psychogenic).
7. Question:
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with nephrotic
syndrome?
Proteinuria
Hyperlipidemia
Lower leg edema
Hyperalbuminosa Correct
Explanation:
Nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed by the presence of proteinuria,
hyperlipidemia, edema, or swelling (usually in the legs, feet, or ankles and
less often in the hands or face), and hypoalbuminemia.
8. Question:
In afebrile patients who experience intermittent sharp flank pain in addition
to gross hematuria, further testing would be indicated for:
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
pyelonephritis.
nephrolithiasis. Correct
urethritis.
Explanation:
The majority of patients with symptomatic nephrolithiasis have intermittent
flank pain/renal colic in addition to gross or microscopic hematuria. In the
absence of infection, fever is unusual in patients with nephrolithiasis.
Abdominal or pelvic pain and fever are the most common clinical findings in
patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), although dysuria may also
be present. Pyelonephritis often presents with flank pain, fever, and pyuria.
Symptoms of urethritis include dysuria, pyuria, or burning with urination.
Flank pain or hematuria is not present in urethritis.
9. Question:
After running a 5K race, a 35-year-old man presents with complaints of
muscle pain in the shoulders, weakness in both legs, and dark brown urine.
These findings are consistent with:
a urinary tract infection (UTI).
rhabdomyolysis. Correct
acute renal failure.
