Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry

Arrhenius Ans- Attributes water ion theory of acid and bases Sulphate Ans- Sulfur ion doesn't react with H2SO4 Sublimation Ans- Direct transition of solid to vapor state Specific heat Ans- Heat required to raise temp. of 1g by 1 celcius Alpha ray Ans- Radioactive particle weighing the same as Helium Molecular formula Ans- Formula that gives actual number of atoms Carbon Ans- Graphite is an allotrope of the element? Halogens Ans- Salt-forming group of elements Amphoteric Ans- Acts as either an acid or base Oxygen Ans- Most abundant and essential of all elements Ferric Ans- An ion that gives the Prussian blue precipitate with Potassium Ferrocyanide Fluorine Ans- Most electronegative element Meyer and Mendeleev Ans- Author of the Periodic Table Bose Consendates Ans- State of matter that only occurs at near absolute zero Molecule Ans- Atoms that are tightly bound together and behave as one Colloid Ans- Exhibits the Tyndall Effect Electronegativity Ans- Ability to attract electrons of another atom to its side Lewis Base Ans- Electron pair donors Molecular mass Ans- Sum of atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule Neutralization Ans- Reaction between acid and base that produces salt and water Precipitation Ans- Reaction in which an insoluble solid forms when reactants are combined Oxidation Ans- Involves loss of electrons Involves addition of oxygen and loss of hydrogen Reduction Ans- Involves gain of electrons Involves addition of hydrogen and loss of oxygen Enthalpy Ans- Amount of heat absorbed or released during a reaction Exothermic Ans- A reaction when the energy of products is less than the energy of reactants Endothermic Ans- A reaction when the energy of products is greater than the energy of reactants Carbon Dioxide Ans- Used to mask the disagreeable taste of certain medicines Deliquescent Ans- Substances that take or absorbs sufficient water from the atmosphere forming a liquid Cadmium Ans- Causes Itai-itai Disease Chromium Ans- Element present in insulin Zinc Ans- Added to Copper to produce Yellow Brass Alkali metal Ans- Soluble group of the Periodic Table Brick red Ans- Calcium imparts this color to a non-luminous flame Silicosis Ans- Lung condition resembling tuberculosis symptoms Saline Cathartic Ans- Rochelle Salt is used as: Cesium Ans- First element discovered using spectroscope General Anesthetics Ans- Use of Laughing gas Potassium bitartrate Ans- Cream of tartar is: Ferric Oxide Ans- Imparts pink color to Calamine USP Aluminum Ans- Cation that is used as antacid that cases constipation. Lithopone Ans- Mixture of 30% ZnS and 70% BaS Bronsted-Lowry Ans- Protonic concept of acidity Selective Toxicity Ans- Property of chemical agents to destroy one form of life without harming another. Neopentane Ans- Common name of tetramethylmethane Redox Ans- Infants are capable of this metabolic reaction Chemistry Ans- Branch of science that deals with matter Law of Definite Proportions Ans- Elements combine in fixed ratios of whole numbers to form compounds Law of Multiple Proportions Ans- Elements may combine in different ratios of whole number to form different compounds John Dalton Ans- He discovered the Law of Multiple Proportions Antoine Laurent Lavoisier Ans- He discovered Law of Definite Proportions Tabulated the elements Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Ans- He discovered the X-Ray Antoine Henri Becquerel Ans- He discovered Uranium Marie Curie Ans- Gave the name Radioactivity Radioactivity Ans- The spontaneous emission of radiation from certain unstable element Polonium and Radium Ans- Pierre Curie and Marie Curie discovered this elements Atomic Number Ans- Specific for each element Same for all atoms of an element Equal to number of protons or electrons Mass number Ans- Represents the number of particles in the nucleus Equal to number of protons + neutrons Isotopes Ans- Atoms with same element having different mass number Have same number of protons but different neutrons Pauli's Exclusion Principle Ans- Each atomic orbital can accommodate 2 electrons No two electrons can have same set of quantum number Hund's Rule Ans- Orbital are filled up singly before pairing up Aufbau Principle Ans- Lower energy levels are filled up first Heisenberg Principle Ans- It is impossible to determine simultaneously the momentum and position of an electron Atomic Radius Ans- Distance between 2 nuclei Increases from right to left Increases from top to bottom Electronegativity Ans- Ability to attract electrons Increases from left to right Increases from bottom to top Ionization Energy Ans- Ability to remove an electron from a positively charged atom Increases from right to left Increases from bottom to top Electron affinity Ans- Property to accept an electron Increases from right to left Increases from top to bottom Ionic Compounds Ans- Has positive and negative ions Have high melting and boiling point Solid at room temperature Ionic bond Ans- Bond that occurs between metal and nonmetal ions Covelant bond Ans- Bond that occurs when atoms share electrons Bond between two nonmetals NonPolar bond Ans- Has equal or almost equal sharing of electrons Almost no electronegativity difference (0.0-0.4) Law of Conservation of Mass Ans- States that matter cannot be created or destroyed Polar bond Ans- Has unequal sharing of electron Moderate electronegativity difference (0.5-1.7) Democritus Ans- Stated that matter is composed of indivisible particles called "atomos" John Dalton Ans- Stated that matter is composed of indivisible particles called "atoms". Proposed the Billiard Ball Model JJ Thompson Ans- Stated that an atom is a sphere of a positive article to which are embedded the negative particles Proposed the Raisin-Bread Model Ernest Rutherford Ans- Proposed the Gold Film Experiment and Nuclear Model Neil Bohr Ans- Proposed the Planetary Model Edwin Schrodinger Ans- Stated that electrons move in a 3D space which is called electron cloud Proposed the Quantum-Mechanical Model Quantum Numbers Ans- Set of numbers that are used to describe electrons Principal Quantum Ans- Determines the total energy of an electron Size of electron cloud Main energy level Azimuthal Quantum Ans- Determines the shape of electron cloud Dependent to Principal Quantum Magnetic Quantum Ans- Determines the orientation in space of the electron cloud Magnetic Spin Quantum Ans- Determines the direction of rotation of the electrons Van der waals Ans- Weakest Intermolecular Force Used by non-polar molecules Dipole-dipole Ans- Stronger van der waals Used by polar molecules H-bond Ans- A bond when Hydrogen attached to N,O,F Strongest intermolecular force Boyle's Law Ans- Volume of gas is inversely proportional to pressure. Constant temperature Charles' Law Ans- Volume of gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature. Constant pressure Arrhenius Theory Ans- States that acids yields H+ while bases yields OH- in a aqueous solution Bronsted-Lowry Theory Ans- States that acid is a proton donor while a base is a proton acceptor