BIOL 110 Lecture Notes - Exam Block 2
→ W HAT IS THE CENTROMERE ?
• Centromere // region of chromosome / point of attachment for sister
chromatids
→ W HY ARE THE KINETOCHORES IMPORTANT DURING THE CELL DIVISION ?
• Kinetochores // specialized protein structures that form at the centromere
during mitosis
o Provide an attachment to the microtubules
▪ Microtubules // responsible for moving chromosomes during cell
division
▪ EX) Taxol is a drug that disrupts the formation of the spindle in
mitosis → thus,
preventing cell
division by inhibiting
the function of the
microtubules in
cancerous cells
, CQ: make sure to know the relationship between the number of sister
chromatids and number of chromosomes
8 = unreplicated chromosome
Cell goes through S-Phase of DNA replication cycle
Yields 88 // chromosome made of 2 sister chromatids) Note: this is a
single chromosome. Trick: count the centromeres
# of centromeres = # of chromosomes
CQ: The daughter cells of a cell that had undergone mitosis are generally smaller
than the original parent cell
CQ: Sex // the exchange of genetic material / does NOT require the formation of
eggs and sperm / all organisms do NOT use sexual reproduction
→ W HAT IS SEX ? (F OR EUKARYOTES )
• Sex // exchange of genetic material / REQUIRES meiosis / NOT the same as
reproduction / means creating new recombinant DNA material / creates
genetic diversity
o EX: Paramecium → fission / Hydra → budding / Plant → vegetative
reproduction (spider plant)
→ W HAT IS THE CENTROMERE ?
• Centromere // region of chromosome / point of attachment for sister
chromatids
→ W HY ARE THE KINETOCHORES IMPORTANT DURING THE CELL DIVISION ?
• Kinetochores // specialized protein structures that form at the centromere
during mitosis
o Provide an attachment to the microtubules
▪ Microtubules // responsible for moving chromosomes during cell
division
▪ EX) Taxol is a drug that disrupts the formation of the spindle in
mitosis → thus,
preventing cell
division by inhibiting
the function of the
microtubules in
cancerous cells
, CQ: make sure to know the relationship between the number of sister
chromatids and number of chromosomes
8 = unreplicated chromosome
Cell goes through S-Phase of DNA replication cycle
Yields 88 // chromosome made of 2 sister chromatids) Note: this is a
single chromosome. Trick: count the centromeres
# of centromeres = # of chromosomes
CQ: The daughter cells of a cell that had undergone mitosis are generally smaller
than the original parent cell
CQ: Sex // the exchange of genetic material / does NOT require the formation of
eggs and sperm / all organisms do NOT use sexual reproduction
→ W HAT IS SEX ? (F OR EUKARYOTES )
• Sex // exchange of genetic material / REQUIRES meiosis / NOT the same as
reproduction / means creating new recombinant DNA material / creates
genetic diversity
o EX: Paramecium → fission / Hydra → budding / Plant → vegetative
reproduction (spider plant)
