NURS 612 EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
NURS 612 EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Final Study Review
HEAD, EARS, NOSE, THROAT
What is accommodation?
The ability of the eye to change its focus from distant to near objects (and vice
versa). This process is achieved by the lens changing its shape. It is the process of adjusting
the focallength of a lens.
Most common cause of loss of vision in adults > 45 years old: Presbyopia
What does 20/40 mean?
The pt sees at 20 feet what a normal person sees at 40 feet. Another way of saying this is
that a person with 20/40 vision has vision that is only half as good as normal.
How do you assess EOM imbalance?
Have the patient look in all directions without moving their head and ask them if
theyexperience any double vision. (CN 3, 4, and 6). Have them look in 6 different
directions.
How do you assess sinus pressure?
Palpate the maxillary, frontal, and orbital sinuses (tenderness will result if pressure
present).
Why do you adjust ophthalmoscope?
Adjusting the lenses compensates for both the observer‟s and the patient‟s refractive
errors, like if the observer has no refractive error and the patient is myopic, minus lenses will
berequired to focus on the retina. 0 lens is used to test the red reflex. Rotate the lens selector
clockwise, then counterclockwise in order to compensate for myopia.
How do you examine ear adults/children?
Adults: Inspect the auricles and surrounding area for size, shape, symmetry,
landmarks, color, position, deformities or lesions. Palpate the auricles and mastoid area for
tenderness, swelling and nodules. Inspect the auditory canal with otoscope, noting cerumen,
color, lesions, discharge, and foreign bodies. Inspect the tympanic membrane for landmarks,
color, contour, perforations, and mobility. Assess hearing through response to questions
during history, responseto whispered voice, and response to tuning fork for air and bone
conduction.
Children: Pretty similar to above, with a few exceptions. Try to save this examination for
last if the child is prone to cry or get scared by the otoscope. Pull auricles either downward and
back or upward and back to gain best view. If the child has been crying, the blood vessels in the
tympanic member can cause redness. Screen their hearing by observing the response to a
whispered voice and various noisemakers. The Weber and Rinne tests are usually not used until
3and 4 years old.
This study source was downloaded by 100000831777157 from CourseHero.com on 04-22-2022 05:06:22 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/15505715/N612-Final-Review-revised/
, NURS 612 EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Snellen chart
Screens far vision. Tests vision at a distance of 20 feet. The numerator is 20 and the
denominator is the distance from which a person with normal vision could read the lettering.
Thelarger the denominator, the poorer the vision.
Rosenbaum card
Screens near vision. Contains a series of numbers, E‟s, X‟s, and O‟s in graduated sizes.
Test each eye separately. Acuity is recorded as distance equivalents such as 20/20.
If normal, are lymph nodes palpable?
Only in the submandibular, cervical and inguinal areas
Lymph node names: The superficial lymph nodes that are more accessible include: Parotic
andretropharyngeal (tonsillar), submandibular, submental, sublingual (facial), superficial
anterior cervical, superficial posterior cervical, pre and postauricular, sternocleidomastoid,
occipital, supraclavicular, axiallary, epitrochlear (cubital), superficial superior inguinal,
superficial inferioringuinal, and popliteal.
How do you assess lymph nodes?
Inspect the visible nodes and surrounding area for edema, erythema, or red streaks.
Palpate the superficial lymph nodes and compare side to side for size, consistency, mobility,
discrete borders or matting, tenderness and warmth.
Which lymph nodes if enlarged are more indicative of malignancy? Any superficial nodes (as
listed above), but especially the Supraclavicular. Rapid enlargement without signs of
inflammation suggest malignancy.
If you have enlarged lymph nodes how do you find infection site?
When enlarged lymph nodes are encountered, explore the accessible adjacent areas
and regions drained by those nodes for signs of possible infection or malignancy. Look distal
to theinflammation.
Enlarged tonsils put individuals at risk for: OSA, eating problems, delayed growth, poor
alignment of teeth and abnormal facial development, nasal obstruction and
congestion.
Tonsil staging: 1+: visible; 2+: halfway between tonsillar pillars and the uvula; 3+:
nearlytouching the uvula; 4+: touching each other (pg 253 for good pic)
What is nystagmus, ptosis, astigmatism, and exophthalmos:
Nystagmus: a rhythmic regular oscillation of the eyes. It may consist of alternating
phases of a slow drift in one direction with a corrective quick "jerk" in the opposite direction,
orof slow, sinusoidal, "pendular" oscillations to and fro. Jerk nystagmus is more common
than pendular nystagmus
This study source was downloaded by 100000831777157 from CourseHero.com on 04-22-2022 05:06:22 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/15505715/N612-Final-Review-revised/
NURS 612 EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Final Study Review
HEAD, EARS, NOSE, THROAT
What is accommodation?
The ability of the eye to change its focus from distant to near objects (and vice
versa). This process is achieved by the lens changing its shape. It is the process of adjusting
the focallength of a lens.
Most common cause of loss of vision in adults > 45 years old: Presbyopia
What does 20/40 mean?
The pt sees at 20 feet what a normal person sees at 40 feet. Another way of saying this is
that a person with 20/40 vision has vision that is only half as good as normal.
How do you assess EOM imbalance?
Have the patient look in all directions without moving their head and ask them if
theyexperience any double vision. (CN 3, 4, and 6). Have them look in 6 different
directions.
How do you assess sinus pressure?
Palpate the maxillary, frontal, and orbital sinuses (tenderness will result if pressure
present).
Why do you adjust ophthalmoscope?
Adjusting the lenses compensates for both the observer‟s and the patient‟s refractive
errors, like if the observer has no refractive error and the patient is myopic, minus lenses will
berequired to focus on the retina. 0 lens is used to test the red reflex. Rotate the lens selector
clockwise, then counterclockwise in order to compensate for myopia.
How do you examine ear adults/children?
Adults: Inspect the auricles and surrounding area for size, shape, symmetry,
landmarks, color, position, deformities or lesions. Palpate the auricles and mastoid area for
tenderness, swelling and nodules. Inspect the auditory canal with otoscope, noting cerumen,
color, lesions, discharge, and foreign bodies. Inspect the tympanic membrane for landmarks,
color, contour, perforations, and mobility. Assess hearing through response to questions
during history, responseto whispered voice, and response to tuning fork for air and bone
conduction.
Children: Pretty similar to above, with a few exceptions. Try to save this examination for
last if the child is prone to cry or get scared by the otoscope. Pull auricles either downward and
back or upward and back to gain best view. If the child has been crying, the blood vessels in the
tympanic member can cause redness. Screen their hearing by observing the response to a
whispered voice and various noisemakers. The Weber and Rinne tests are usually not used until
3and 4 years old.
This study source was downloaded by 100000831777157 from CourseHero.com on 04-22-2022 05:06:22 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/15505715/N612-Final-Review-revised/
, NURS 612 EXAM 2022 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Snellen chart
Screens far vision. Tests vision at a distance of 20 feet. The numerator is 20 and the
denominator is the distance from which a person with normal vision could read the lettering.
Thelarger the denominator, the poorer the vision.
Rosenbaum card
Screens near vision. Contains a series of numbers, E‟s, X‟s, and O‟s in graduated sizes.
Test each eye separately. Acuity is recorded as distance equivalents such as 20/20.
If normal, are lymph nodes palpable?
Only in the submandibular, cervical and inguinal areas
Lymph node names: The superficial lymph nodes that are more accessible include: Parotic
andretropharyngeal (tonsillar), submandibular, submental, sublingual (facial), superficial
anterior cervical, superficial posterior cervical, pre and postauricular, sternocleidomastoid,
occipital, supraclavicular, axiallary, epitrochlear (cubital), superficial superior inguinal,
superficial inferioringuinal, and popliteal.
How do you assess lymph nodes?
Inspect the visible nodes and surrounding area for edema, erythema, or red streaks.
Palpate the superficial lymph nodes and compare side to side for size, consistency, mobility,
discrete borders or matting, tenderness and warmth.
Which lymph nodes if enlarged are more indicative of malignancy? Any superficial nodes (as
listed above), but especially the Supraclavicular. Rapid enlargement without signs of
inflammation suggest malignancy.
If you have enlarged lymph nodes how do you find infection site?
When enlarged lymph nodes are encountered, explore the accessible adjacent areas
and regions drained by those nodes for signs of possible infection or malignancy. Look distal
to theinflammation.
Enlarged tonsils put individuals at risk for: OSA, eating problems, delayed growth, poor
alignment of teeth and abnormal facial development, nasal obstruction and
congestion.
Tonsil staging: 1+: visible; 2+: halfway between tonsillar pillars and the uvula; 3+:
nearlytouching the uvula; 4+: touching each other (pg 253 for good pic)
What is nystagmus, ptosis, astigmatism, and exophthalmos:
Nystagmus: a rhythmic regular oscillation of the eyes. It may consist of alternating
phases of a slow drift in one direction with a corrective quick "jerk" in the opposite direction,
orof slow, sinusoidal, "pendular" oscillations to and fro. Jerk nystagmus is more common
than pendular nystagmus
This study source was downloaded by 100000831777157 from CourseHero.com on 04-22-2022 05:06:22 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/15505715/N612-Final-Review-revised/
