NUR 396 maternal Test 1 Questions & Answers Latest
2021/2022
Ch. 3
Care at specific stages of a woman’s life
• Preconception counseling and care
provides woman and partners with information that is needed to make
decisions about reproductive future.
• Pregnancy
early entry into prenatal care allows identification of the woman at risk for
complications and initiation of measures to prevent problems or treat them
if they arise. Define health status of mother and fetus
• Fertility control
More than half of pregnancies are unintended and majority do not use
contraception or experienced a failure in contraception
• Infertility
can cause emotional pain for some families and inability to produce
offspring may come as a sense of failure
• Menstrual problems
Irregularities or problems with menstrual are common reasons women seek
care from provider. History along with diagnostic tests need to be done
• Perimenopause
Body responds to this in a variety of ways. Hot flashes or irregular bleeding
cause women to seek care. Still need some sort of birth control as
pregnancy can still happen
Identification of Risk Factors
• Social, cultural, genetic
▪ ie: sickle cell anemia in A.A., Tay- Sachs disease in Ashkenazi
Jews, Cystic fibrosis in Northern Europeans
▪ Cultural and religious influences
▪ Socioeconomic status- the rates of perinatal and maternal
deaths, preterm births, and low birth weight babies are
considerably higher in disadvantaged populations
• Substance use and abuse
o Prescription drug use- 2% of American women use sleeping pills,
tranquilizers and pain relievers.
o Illicit drug use
▪ Marijuana- crosses the placenta- reduces O2 supply to fetus
▪ Cocaine- causes vasoconstriction- increases incidence of
, miscarriage, preterm labor, small for gestational age,
Abruptio placenta, still birth,anomalies
▪ Opiates- Heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone. Women have
a 6X
higher risk for problem outcomes
, ▪Methamphetamine- CNS stimulant-meth, speed- heart
problems, irregular heart beat and hypertension-
preterm birth, Intra Uterine Growth Restriction with
smaller head circumference
▪ PCP-major concern in pregnant women is its association with
polydrug
use and neurobehavioral effects on the neonate.
o Alcohol consumption-
▪ About 1/3 of alcoholics are women
▪ FAS ~ 40,000 babies born, low birth weight, behavioral
problems, intellectual disability
o Cigarette smoking-
▪ Causes vasoconstriction, decrease in placental perfusion and is
one cause of low birth weight
o Caffeine- increase risk of miscarriage- March of Dimes
recommends no more than 8 oz of caffeine drink/day
• Stress
▪ can trigger physical reactions such as rapid HR, elevated BP
also other flare-ups. Nurse needs to use effecting
communication skills to see if needfor further mental illness
• Mental health conditions
• Sleep disorders
▪ women more than men and nurse discuss sleep patterns
and ways to improve them
• Environmental and work place hazards
▪ Hazards can affect fertility, fetal development, live birth, and
childs future mental and physical development
• Risky sexual practices
▪ STI’s
• Risk for certain medical or gynecologic conditions
• Female genital mutilation
Violence against Women
• Intimate partner violence (IPV)
▪ IPV is the most common form of violence experienced
by women worldwide with a reported incidence of 1 in
6 women being a victim of domestic violence
o Physical or emotional abuse
o Sexual assault
o Isolation
o Controlling all aspects of the woman’s life
, ▪ Money, shelter, time, and food
• Cycle of violence
2021/2022
Ch. 3
Care at specific stages of a woman’s life
• Preconception counseling and care
provides woman and partners with information that is needed to make
decisions about reproductive future.
• Pregnancy
early entry into prenatal care allows identification of the woman at risk for
complications and initiation of measures to prevent problems or treat them
if they arise. Define health status of mother and fetus
• Fertility control
More than half of pregnancies are unintended and majority do not use
contraception or experienced a failure in contraception
• Infertility
can cause emotional pain for some families and inability to produce
offspring may come as a sense of failure
• Menstrual problems
Irregularities or problems with menstrual are common reasons women seek
care from provider. History along with diagnostic tests need to be done
• Perimenopause
Body responds to this in a variety of ways. Hot flashes or irregular bleeding
cause women to seek care. Still need some sort of birth control as
pregnancy can still happen
Identification of Risk Factors
• Social, cultural, genetic
▪ ie: sickle cell anemia in A.A., Tay- Sachs disease in Ashkenazi
Jews, Cystic fibrosis in Northern Europeans
▪ Cultural and religious influences
▪ Socioeconomic status- the rates of perinatal and maternal
deaths, preterm births, and low birth weight babies are
considerably higher in disadvantaged populations
• Substance use and abuse
o Prescription drug use- 2% of American women use sleeping pills,
tranquilizers and pain relievers.
o Illicit drug use
▪ Marijuana- crosses the placenta- reduces O2 supply to fetus
▪ Cocaine- causes vasoconstriction- increases incidence of
, miscarriage, preterm labor, small for gestational age,
Abruptio placenta, still birth,anomalies
▪ Opiates- Heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone. Women have
a 6X
higher risk for problem outcomes
, ▪Methamphetamine- CNS stimulant-meth, speed- heart
problems, irregular heart beat and hypertension-
preterm birth, Intra Uterine Growth Restriction with
smaller head circumference
▪ PCP-major concern in pregnant women is its association with
polydrug
use and neurobehavioral effects on the neonate.
o Alcohol consumption-
▪ About 1/3 of alcoholics are women
▪ FAS ~ 40,000 babies born, low birth weight, behavioral
problems, intellectual disability
o Cigarette smoking-
▪ Causes vasoconstriction, decrease in placental perfusion and is
one cause of low birth weight
o Caffeine- increase risk of miscarriage- March of Dimes
recommends no more than 8 oz of caffeine drink/day
• Stress
▪ can trigger physical reactions such as rapid HR, elevated BP
also other flare-ups. Nurse needs to use effecting
communication skills to see if needfor further mental illness
• Mental health conditions
• Sleep disorders
▪ women more than men and nurse discuss sleep patterns
and ways to improve them
• Environmental and work place hazards
▪ Hazards can affect fertility, fetal development, live birth, and
childs future mental and physical development
• Risky sexual practices
▪ STI’s
• Risk for certain medical or gynecologic conditions
• Female genital mutilation
Violence against Women
• Intimate partner violence (IPV)
▪ IPV is the most common form of violence experienced
by women worldwide with a reported incidence of 1 in
6 women being a victim of domestic violence
o Physical or emotional abuse
o Sexual assault
o Isolation
o Controlling all aspects of the woman’s life
, ▪ Money, shelter, time, and food
• Cycle of violence
