biol40b BIOL 40B
Hilary Benton
Study Guide for Lecture Final
These study guides are to help direct you to the major concepts and knowledge that will be
tested in the lecture exam that covers the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. They do
not substitute for attending lectures and laboratories and completing the assigned reading.
Any material covered in lecture or in the assigned reading may appear on lecture exams,
including material not covered in the study guides. However, the major definitions and
concepts you need to know are outlined here. I suggest you focus on this material and then
fill in with more detailed knowledge from the textbook. The exam will focus on the material
covered in lectures. In many cases we have skipped some sections of the book in lecture and
these will not be covered in the exam.
The exam will consist of 50 multiple-choice questions, 2 points each. You must bring a
scantron card, sharpened pencils and erasers. Further details of exams and quizzes for this
course are outlined in the lecture syllabus. This was distributed on the first day of class and
is also available on the course website.
The final will cover the complete cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.
Study Suggestions
I suggest that for each chapter you complete the assigned reading while following your
lecture notes and filling in any points that were unclear to you in lecture. Skip the parts of
the text that were not followed in lecture and focus on those that were followed. It is often
useful to re-write your notes as you go, using numbered or bulleted points and underlining
or highlighting key concepts and definitions.
Using the notes you have generated, use the following objectives lists to make sure you have
covered all the key material. Write out definitions for each of the terms listed. Be sure you
can answer all the questions. Where appropriate draw yourself diagrams or flow charts.
Many people find flash cards, with one key point on each card, a very useful way to study.
Part A Cardiovascular System
A. THE HEART
1) What is the name for the study of the normal heart and diseases associated with it?
2) Where is the location of the heart?
3) What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the heart?
4) What are the layers of the heart wall?
1
, 5) Explain the major causes and symptoms of pericarditis, myocarditis and
endocarditis.
6) Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?
7) HEART VALVES
a) What is the purpose of heart valves?
b) What stimulates heart valves to open and close?
c) Where are the atrioventricular valves located? What are other names for the
atrioventricular valves? Explain the mechanism of opening and closing of these valves.
d) What is mitral stenosis?
e) Where are the pulmonary valves and aortic valves located? what do their structures
have in common?
8) CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
a) What is the systemic circulation? Which side of the heart is the pump for the
systemic circulation?
b) What is the pulmonary circulation? Which side of the heart is the pump for the
pulmonary circulation?
c) What is the coronary circulation? Where are the coronary vessels located?
d) Know the flow of blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulations as
discussed in lecture and lab.
e) Explain the terms myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
9) CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
a) Describe the structural characteristics of cardiac muscle.
b) What are intercalated discs?
c) What is the function of desmosomes in the intercalated discs?
d) What is the function of gap junctions in the intercalated discs?
e) Why are there many mitochondria in cardiac muscle tissue?
2
Hilary Benton
Study Guide for Lecture Final
These study guides are to help direct you to the major concepts and knowledge that will be
tested in the lecture exam that covers the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. They do
not substitute for attending lectures and laboratories and completing the assigned reading.
Any material covered in lecture or in the assigned reading may appear on lecture exams,
including material not covered in the study guides. However, the major definitions and
concepts you need to know are outlined here. I suggest you focus on this material and then
fill in with more detailed knowledge from the textbook. The exam will focus on the material
covered in lectures. In many cases we have skipped some sections of the book in lecture and
these will not be covered in the exam.
The exam will consist of 50 multiple-choice questions, 2 points each. You must bring a
scantron card, sharpened pencils and erasers. Further details of exams and quizzes for this
course are outlined in the lecture syllabus. This was distributed on the first day of class and
is also available on the course website.
The final will cover the complete cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.
Study Suggestions
I suggest that for each chapter you complete the assigned reading while following your
lecture notes and filling in any points that were unclear to you in lecture. Skip the parts of
the text that were not followed in lecture and focus on those that were followed. It is often
useful to re-write your notes as you go, using numbered or bulleted points and underlining
or highlighting key concepts and definitions.
Using the notes you have generated, use the following objectives lists to make sure you have
covered all the key material. Write out definitions for each of the terms listed. Be sure you
can answer all the questions. Where appropriate draw yourself diagrams or flow charts.
Many people find flash cards, with one key point on each card, a very useful way to study.
Part A Cardiovascular System
A. THE HEART
1) What is the name for the study of the normal heart and diseases associated with it?
2) Where is the location of the heart?
3) What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the heart?
4) What are the layers of the heart wall?
1
, 5) Explain the major causes and symptoms of pericarditis, myocarditis and
endocarditis.
6) Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?
7) HEART VALVES
a) What is the purpose of heart valves?
b) What stimulates heart valves to open and close?
c) Where are the atrioventricular valves located? What are other names for the
atrioventricular valves? Explain the mechanism of opening and closing of these valves.
d) What is mitral stenosis?
e) Where are the pulmonary valves and aortic valves located? what do their structures
have in common?
8) CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
a) What is the systemic circulation? Which side of the heart is the pump for the
systemic circulation?
b) What is the pulmonary circulation? Which side of the heart is the pump for the
pulmonary circulation?
c) What is the coronary circulation? Where are the coronary vessels located?
d) Know the flow of blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulations as
discussed in lecture and lab.
e) Explain the terms myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
9) CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE
a) Describe the structural characteristics of cardiac muscle.
b) What are intercalated discs?
c) What is the function of desmosomes in the intercalated discs?
d) What is the function of gap junctions in the intercalated discs?
e) Why are there many mitochondria in cardiac muscle tissue?
2
