Chapter 10
The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure
TEST QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice pressure gradient
(a) flow =
1. At rest which organ below receives the most radius4
blood flow? (b) flow x pressure gradient = resistance
(a) heart.
(b) kidney. pressure gradient
(c) brain. (c) flow =
(d) muscle. resistance
(e) liver. flow
(d) pressure gradient =
ANSWER: b resistance
2. Resistance: flow
(e) resistance =
(a) is a measure of the hindrance to blood flow
through a vessel caused by friction between radius4
the moving fluid and stationary vascular walls.
(b) is doubled when the radius of the vessel ANSWER: c
is reduced by one-half.
(c) increases sixteen-fold when the radius of 6. Blood flow is affected by:
the vessel is reduced by one-half. (a) pressure differences.
(d) both (a) and (b) above. (b) the viscosity of the blood.
(e) both (a) and (c) above. (c) the amount of friction in the blood vessels.
(d) the length and diameter of the blood vessels.
ANSWER: e (e) all of these answers.
3. Resistance increases when: ANSWER: e
(a) radius decreases.
(b) length decreases. 7. Vascular resistance is related to the:
(c) viscosity decreases. (a) length of a blood vessel.
(d) hematocrit decreases. (b) diameter of a blood vessel.
(e) none of these answers. (c) nature of the blood flow.
(d) viscosity of the blood.
ANSWER: a (e) all of these answers.
4. Vasoconstriction: ANSWER: e
(a) refers to a decrease in the radius of a vessel.
(b) of an arteriole decreases blood flow 8. Vasoconstriction:
through that vessel. (a) causes a decrease in resistance.
(c) of a vein increases blood flow through (b) occurs when there is a decrease in the radius
that vessel. of a vessel.
(d) both (a) and (b) above. (c) is due to a decrease in sympathetic activity.
(e) all of these answers. (d) two of these answers.
(e) all of these answers.
ANSWER: e
ANSWER: b
5. Which of the following is the correct
relationship between pressure, flow, and 9. The major determinant influencing resistance
resistance? to blood flow is the:
(a) viscosity of the blood.
April 24, 2022
, (b) radius of the vessel through which the blood ANSWER: c
is flowing.
(c) pressure gradient in the vessel. 15. The microcirculation is composed of:
(d) hematocrit of the blood. (a) arteries, arterioles, and capillaries.
(e) amount of plasma protein. (b) arterioles, capillaries, and venules.
(c) arteries, capillaries, and venules.
ANSWER: b (d) arteries, arterioles, and venules.
(e) none of these answers.
10. In an arteriole, if the blood vessel radius is 2
units and then vasoconstricted to 1 unit, the ANSWER: b
resistance:
(a) The resistance decreases 16 times. 16. Organs that recondition the blood:
(b) The resistance increases 16 times. (a) receive disproportionately large percentages
(c) Flow will be decreased. of the cardiac output.
(d) Both (a) and (b) above. (b) can withstand temporary reductions in
(e) Both (b) and (c) above. blood flow much better than can organs that do
not recondition the blood.
ANSWER: e (c) must receive a constant blood supply in
order to maintain homeostasis.
11. The larger arteries assist with systemic blood flow (d) both (a) and (b) above.
to tissues by: (e) both (a) and (c) above.
(a) contracting their tunica intima.
(b) beating their semilunar-type valves. ANSWER: d
(c) by associating with large veins.
(d) elastic recoil of their walls. 17. The arteries:
(e) continuous vasoconstriction. (a) serve as rapid-transit passageways from
the tissues to the heart because of their large
ANSWER: d radii.
(b) act as a blood reservoir because they have the
12. Which is not true of blood pressure? capacity to store large volumes of blood with
(a) Its maximal during ventricular systole. little change in their internal pressure.
(b) It decreases the farther away from the heart. (c) are the major resistive vessels of
(c) Iit increases with increasing resistance. the vasculature.
(d) It decreases with increasing vessel diameter. (d) are the site of exchange between the blood
(e) It can be increased by direct and surrounding tissues.
parasympathetic activity. (e) none of these answers.
ANSWER: e ANSWER: e
13. Which of the following factors would produce 18. The major function of the arterioles is to:
the greatest change in blood flow? (a) regulate flow of blood through capillary beds.
(a) doubling the radius of the vessel. (b) distribute the cardiac output to tissues.
(b) doubling the difference in the pressure (c) serve as a pressure reservoir.
gradient within the vessel. (d) convert the intermittent flow from the heart
(c) doubling the viscosity of the blood. to a steady outflow.
(d) doubling the length of the vessel. (e) both (a) and (b) above.
(e) halving the viscosity of the blood.
ANSWER: e
ANSWER: a
19. Because the arteries have large radii, they serve as
14. Which type of blood vessel consists of only excellent rapid-transit passageways for blood.
one cell layer? Their second function, related to their elasticity, is
(a) arteriole. to act as a for maintaining blood flow
(b) artery. during diastole.
(c) capillary. (a) cardiac reserve
(d) vein. (b) venous reserve
(e) venule. (c) arterial capacitance
2 Chapter Ten
, (d) lymphatic reserve 25. If the pulse pressure is 44 mm Hg and the
(e) pressure reservoir diastolic pressure is 68 mm Hg, the systolic
pressure is mm Hg.
ANSWER: e (a) 22
(b) 24
20. The pressure measured in the arteries just (c) 66
before the next ventricular ejection of blood is: (d) 112
(a) systolic pressure. (e) 145
(b) diastolic pressure.
(c) pulse pressure. ANSWER: d
(d) mean pressure.
(e) none of these answers. 26. What force continues to drive blood through
the vasculature during ventricular diastole?
ANSWER: b (a) Ventricular contraction forces blood into
the vasculature during ventricular diastole.
21. Select the correct statement about veins. (b) The elastic recoil of the stretched arterial
(a) Their walls are highly muscular. walls provides the force to continue blood flow in
(b)Their walls consist of one layer of the remaining vascular system during ventricular
cells. diastole.
(c) There are only about forty large ones in (c) Sympathetic stimulation produces arterial
the body. vasoconstriction, which drives the blood
(d) They serve as a blood reservoir. forward into the arterioles during ventricular
(e) They transport blood away from the heart. diastole.
(d) Skeletal muscle contraction squeezes the
ANSWER: d blood forward from the arteries during ventricular
diastole.
22. The pulse pressure is the: (e) Respiratory movements produce pressure
(a) difference between the systolic and changes in the chest, which establishes a
diastolic pressures. pressure gradient that drives blood forward from
(b) average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. the arteries into the microcirculation.
(c) maximum pressure exerted in the arteries.
(d) minimum pressure exerted in the arteries. ANSWER: b
(e) change in pressure that can be felt in an artery
due to shutting of the aortic valve. 27. Which of the following factors is most
important in matching the blood flow through a
ANSWER: a specific tissue with the metabolic needs of that
tissue?
23. Mean arterial pressure is: (a) Sympathetically induced vasoconstriction of
(a) diastolic pressure + (systolic/3). the arteries supplying a tissue forces more blood
(b) systolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3). to flow into the tissue.
(c) diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3). (b) Parasympathetically induced vasodilation of
(d) pulse pressure - (diastolic pressure/3). the capillaries within a tissue allows more blood to
(e) pulse pressure + (systolic pressure/3). flow into the tissue.
(c) Local changes within a tissue resulting from
ANSWER: c increased metabolic activity can produce local
arteriolar vasodilation to allow more blood to flow
24. If the arterial blood pressure is recorded at into the tissue.
132/84, what is the mean arterial pressure? (d) Widespread venous vasoconstriction
(a) 100 mm Hg allows blood to dam up at the tissue level.
(b) 93 mm Hg (e) The amount of blood flowing through each
(c) 108 mm Hg tissue remains constant through reflex controls to
(d) 48 mm Hg ensure that metabolic needs are continuously
(e) none of these answers. met.
ANSWER: a ANSWER: c
April 24, 2022
The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure
TEST QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice pressure gradient
(a) flow =
1. At rest which organ below receives the most radius4
blood flow? (b) flow x pressure gradient = resistance
(a) heart.
(b) kidney. pressure gradient
(c) brain. (c) flow =
(d) muscle. resistance
(e) liver. flow
(d) pressure gradient =
ANSWER: b resistance
2. Resistance: flow
(e) resistance =
(a) is a measure of the hindrance to blood flow
through a vessel caused by friction between radius4
the moving fluid and stationary vascular walls.
(b) is doubled when the radius of the vessel ANSWER: c
is reduced by one-half.
(c) increases sixteen-fold when the radius of 6. Blood flow is affected by:
the vessel is reduced by one-half. (a) pressure differences.
(d) both (a) and (b) above. (b) the viscosity of the blood.
(e) both (a) and (c) above. (c) the amount of friction in the blood vessels.
(d) the length and diameter of the blood vessels.
ANSWER: e (e) all of these answers.
3. Resistance increases when: ANSWER: e
(a) radius decreases.
(b) length decreases. 7. Vascular resistance is related to the:
(c) viscosity decreases. (a) length of a blood vessel.
(d) hematocrit decreases. (b) diameter of a blood vessel.
(e) none of these answers. (c) nature of the blood flow.
(d) viscosity of the blood.
ANSWER: a (e) all of these answers.
4. Vasoconstriction: ANSWER: e
(a) refers to a decrease in the radius of a vessel.
(b) of an arteriole decreases blood flow 8. Vasoconstriction:
through that vessel. (a) causes a decrease in resistance.
(c) of a vein increases blood flow through (b) occurs when there is a decrease in the radius
that vessel. of a vessel.
(d) both (a) and (b) above. (c) is due to a decrease in sympathetic activity.
(e) all of these answers. (d) two of these answers.
(e) all of these answers.
ANSWER: e
ANSWER: b
5. Which of the following is the correct
relationship between pressure, flow, and 9. The major determinant influencing resistance
resistance? to blood flow is the:
(a) viscosity of the blood.
April 24, 2022
, (b) radius of the vessel through which the blood ANSWER: c
is flowing.
(c) pressure gradient in the vessel. 15. The microcirculation is composed of:
(d) hematocrit of the blood. (a) arteries, arterioles, and capillaries.
(e) amount of plasma protein. (b) arterioles, capillaries, and venules.
(c) arteries, capillaries, and venules.
ANSWER: b (d) arteries, arterioles, and venules.
(e) none of these answers.
10. In an arteriole, if the blood vessel radius is 2
units and then vasoconstricted to 1 unit, the ANSWER: b
resistance:
(a) The resistance decreases 16 times. 16. Organs that recondition the blood:
(b) The resistance increases 16 times. (a) receive disproportionately large percentages
(c) Flow will be decreased. of the cardiac output.
(d) Both (a) and (b) above. (b) can withstand temporary reductions in
(e) Both (b) and (c) above. blood flow much better than can organs that do
not recondition the blood.
ANSWER: e (c) must receive a constant blood supply in
order to maintain homeostasis.
11. The larger arteries assist with systemic blood flow (d) both (a) and (b) above.
to tissues by: (e) both (a) and (c) above.
(a) contracting their tunica intima.
(b) beating their semilunar-type valves. ANSWER: d
(c) by associating with large veins.
(d) elastic recoil of their walls. 17. The arteries:
(e) continuous vasoconstriction. (a) serve as rapid-transit passageways from
the tissues to the heart because of their large
ANSWER: d radii.
(b) act as a blood reservoir because they have the
12. Which is not true of blood pressure? capacity to store large volumes of blood with
(a) Its maximal during ventricular systole. little change in their internal pressure.
(b) It decreases the farther away from the heart. (c) are the major resistive vessels of
(c) Iit increases with increasing resistance. the vasculature.
(d) It decreases with increasing vessel diameter. (d) are the site of exchange between the blood
(e) It can be increased by direct and surrounding tissues.
parasympathetic activity. (e) none of these answers.
ANSWER: e ANSWER: e
13. Which of the following factors would produce 18. The major function of the arterioles is to:
the greatest change in blood flow? (a) regulate flow of blood through capillary beds.
(a) doubling the radius of the vessel. (b) distribute the cardiac output to tissues.
(b) doubling the difference in the pressure (c) serve as a pressure reservoir.
gradient within the vessel. (d) convert the intermittent flow from the heart
(c) doubling the viscosity of the blood. to a steady outflow.
(d) doubling the length of the vessel. (e) both (a) and (b) above.
(e) halving the viscosity of the blood.
ANSWER: e
ANSWER: a
19. Because the arteries have large radii, they serve as
14. Which type of blood vessel consists of only excellent rapid-transit passageways for blood.
one cell layer? Their second function, related to their elasticity, is
(a) arteriole. to act as a for maintaining blood flow
(b) artery. during diastole.
(c) capillary. (a) cardiac reserve
(d) vein. (b) venous reserve
(e) venule. (c) arterial capacitance
2 Chapter Ten
, (d) lymphatic reserve 25. If the pulse pressure is 44 mm Hg and the
(e) pressure reservoir diastolic pressure is 68 mm Hg, the systolic
pressure is mm Hg.
ANSWER: e (a) 22
(b) 24
20. The pressure measured in the arteries just (c) 66
before the next ventricular ejection of blood is: (d) 112
(a) systolic pressure. (e) 145
(b) diastolic pressure.
(c) pulse pressure. ANSWER: d
(d) mean pressure.
(e) none of these answers. 26. What force continues to drive blood through
the vasculature during ventricular diastole?
ANSWER: b (a) Ventricular contraction forces blood into
the vasculature during ventricular diastole.
21. Select the correct statement about veins. (b) The elastic recoil of the stretched arterial
(a) Their walls are highly muscular. walls provides the force to continue blood flow in
(b)Their walls consist of one layer of the remaining vascular system during ventricular
cells. diastole.
(c) There are only about forty large ones in (c) Sympathetic stimulation produces arterial
the body. vasoconstriction, which drives the blood
(d) They serve as a blood reservoir. forward into the arterioles during ventricular
(e) They transport blood away from the heart. diastole.
(d) Skeletal muscle contraction squeezes the
ANSWER: d blood forward from the arteries during ventricular
diastole.
22. The pulse pressure is the: (e) Respiratory movements produce pressure
(a) difference between the systolic and changes in the chest, which establishes a
diastolic pressures. pressure gradient that drives blood forward from
(b) average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. the arteries into the microcirculation.
(c) maximum pressure exerted in the arteries.
(d) minimum pressure exerted in the arteries. ANSWER: b
(e) change in pressure that can be felt in an artery
due to shutting of the aortic valve. 27. Which of the following factors is most
important in matching the blood flow through a
ANSWER: a specific tissue with the metabolic needs of that
tissue?
23. Mean arterial pressure is: (a) Sympathetically induced vasoconstriction of
(a) diastolic pressure + (systolic/3). the arteries supplying a tissue forces more blood
(b) systolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3). to flow into the tissue.
(c) diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3). (b) Parasympathetically induced vasodilation of
(d) pulse pressure - (diastolic pressure/3). the capillaries within a tissue allows more blood to
(e) pulse pressure + (systolic pressure/3). flow into the tissue.
(c) Local changes within a tissue resulting from
ANSWER: c increased metabolic activity can produce local
arteriolar vasodilation to allow more blood to flow
24. If the arterial blood pressure is recorded at into the tissue.
132/84, what is the mean arterial pressure? (d) Widespread venous vasoconstriction
(a) 100 mm Hg allows blood to dam up at the tissue level.
(b) 93 mm Hg (e) The amount of blood flowing through each
(c) 108 mm Hg tissue remains constant through reflex controls to
(d) 48 mm Hg ensure that metabolic needs are continuously
(e) none of these answers. met.
ANSWER: a ANSWER: c
April 24, 2022
