Primary Diagnosis and ICD-10 code:
N44.00: Testicular Torsion – Presenting as an abrupt unilateral scrotal pain which may be
constant or intermittent but is not positional, where patients may have associated nausea or
vomiting (Schick, 2021). Caleb’s presentation does not differ from this description as he presents
with unilateral scrotal pain, which is constant in nature, and has had an episode of nausea and
vomiting.
Differential Diagnosis:
N45.1: Epididymitis – Scrotal pain, often unilateral, which can extend to the groin and also has
an acute onset, scrotal swelling, and often times fever are common presentations of epididymitis
(Lynch, 2028). Caleb’s presentation does include acute unilateral scrotal pain which may be
epididymitis, but from the physical examination showed a negative Prehn’s sign, which
eliminates epididymitis as a diagnosis.
K44.03: Torsion of appendix testis – Torsion of appendix testis is considered as the most
common cause of acute scrotal pain in the pediatric age group and should always be included as
a differential for acute scrotal pain manifestations (Pomajzi & Lesliem, 2021). Both torsion of
testicular appendage and testicular torsion produce similar pain although it is less gradual with
testicular tension. Caleb’s presentation could be considered as torsion of appendix testis if not for
the findings during his physical examination which included a absent cremasteric reflex which
eliminates torsion of appendix testis as a diagnosis.
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