NR228 ROK for Final exam Dec. 2020
14, 16, 17, & 20
1. Statistics on heart disease in the US.
a. Leading cause of death in America for all men and women in all racial and ethnic growth.
2. What is primary prevention in cardiovascular disease?
a. Public health effort.
3. What is the “Go Red “campaign?
a. For women
b. National Campaign of the AHA
c. Encourages women to engage in heart-healthy activities to reduce their personal risk for
heart disease.
4. What vitamin deficiency is associated with heart disease?
a. Vitamin D deficiency
5. What is angina pectoris?
a. Chest Pain due to the development of lesions in coronary arteries.
6. Know the percentages of LDL and HDL.
a. LDL: 60-70%
b. HDL: makes up the remainder (40-30%)
i. Low HDL level is less than 40 mg/dL in men & 50 mg/dL in women.
7. Know about Obstructive Sleep Apnea
a. One trigger of dyslipidemia.
b. Patients with OSA often have high total cholesterol, LDL, TH, and low HDL.
8. What is appropriate oral feeding for Hepatitis?
a. Frequent with high energy and high-quality protein to minimize the loss of muscle mass.
b. 1.0-1.2 g/kg of body weight is recommended
c. Dietary fats should not be limited unless not well tolerated.
d. Supplementation with vitamin B complex (thiamine & B12 because decreased
absorption). Vitamin K, vitamin C, and zinc.
e. Abstinence from alcohol is IMPERATIVE
9. What is the treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?
a. Lifestyle intervention is first line
i. Vitamins, amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and
polyphenols
ii. Weight loss may be needed but meals should not be skipped to lose weight
rapidly
iii. Bariatric surgery may be required.
10. What is the best nutrition plan with client that has cirrhosis and increased encephalopathy?
a. Branched chain amino acids can ensure a successful sustained level of protein intake –
plant proteins also produce less ammonia.
11. What is the nutritional considerations for a liver transplant client?
a. Dependent on the individual’s weight and history status.
b. Pre-transplantation
i. Provide enough calories and proteins to decrease protein catabolism and correct
any nutritional deficiencies.
c. Immediate post-transplantation period (4-8 weeks post op)
i. Requires individualization of nutrition therapy according to the patient’s need.
ii. Adequate calories and protein are necessary for the stresses that result from
surgery and high doses of glucocorticoids.
This study source was downloaded by 100000830604181 from CourseHero.com on 04-25-2022 02:18:00 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/76406520/NR228-ROK-for-Final-Dec-20205941docx/
, NR228 ROK for Final exam Dec. 2020
iii. Early enteral nutrition with the new immunomodulating diets enriched with
hydrolyzed whey protein can prevent post-transplant bacteremia and post-
transplant hyperglycemia.
iv. Parenteral nutrition may be necessary if nutritional needs cannot be met
enterally
v. In between supplements should be used to meet calorie and protein goals
vi. Fluid loss should be considered for post-op fluid needs
12. Know the risk factors for gallbladder disease.
a. Women who are multiparous, undergoing estrogen therapy, or use oral contraceptives
b. Obesity
c. Sedentary lifestyles
d. Aged
e. Those who have diabetes mellitus
f. Genetic tendencies
g. Long term intake of high fat foods
13. Know the recommended treatment for cholecystitis.
a. Surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy)
14. What is the appropriate diet for status post cholecystectomy?
a. Patients may receive nothing orally or clear liquids until they can tolerate a regular diet.
b. Some patients need to follow a low-fat diet for several weeks after surgery
i. Total amount of fat is more important than fat consumed.
c. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy may consume a regular diet immediately after surgery.
15. What are the causes of acute pancreatitis?
a. Alcohol consumption
b. Bladder disease
16. Know the nutrition for client with acute pancreatitis.
a. Goal: provide nutrition while minimizing pancreatic secretions
b. Parenteral nutrition within the first 24 hours initiates the inflammatory response, repairs
the immune response, and worsens the outcome.
c. Bowel rest leads to atrophy of the intestinal mucosa and bacterial translocation
d. Early introduction of enteral feeding promotes fewer infections, shorter hospital stays,
and overall decreased medical costs
e. Low-fat, elemental formulas are recommended.
17. What is the GI tract responsible for?
a. To break down food into nutrients, which can be absorbed by the body to provide
energy. (google)
18. Know what happens to the body in starvation mode.
a. The body extracts stored carbs and fats, as well as proteins from muscles and organs, to
meet energy demands.
b. Liver glycogen is used first, to maintain normal blood glucose levels and to provide
energy for the brain and RBCs limited source of energy
c. Glycogen storage is usually depleted in 24 hours
d. Lipid (TGs) may be substantial, and the body begins to mobilize thus energy source.
e. After 24 hours without intake (carbs), the prime source of glucose is from glucogenesis.
f. Early starvation (2-3 days) uses glucose produced from muscle protein
i. Inadequate protein and/or energy intake adaption mechanisms = reduced
protein store: decreased skeletal muscle mass, heart muscle mass, respiratory
muscle mass, and protein reserve; reduced metabolic rate: hypotension,
This study source was downloaded by 100000830604181 from CourseHero.com on 04-25-2022 02:18:00 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/76406520/NR228-ROK-for-Final-Dec-20205941docx/
14, 16, 17, & 20
1. Statistics on heart disease in the US.
a. Leading cause of death in America for all men and women in all racial and ethnic growth.
2. What is primary prevention in cardiovascular disease?
a. Public health effort.
3. What is the “Go Red “campaign?
a. For women
b. National Campaign of the AHA
c. Encourages women to engage in heart-healthy activities to reduce their personal risk for
heart disease.
4. What vitamin deficiency is associated with heart disease?
a. Vitamin D deficiency
5. What is angina pectoris?
a. Chest Pain due to the development of lesions in coronary arteries.
6. Know the percentages of LDL and HDL.
a. LDL: 60-70%
b. HDL: makes up the remainder (40-30%)
i. Low HDL level is less than 40 mg/dL in men & 50 mg/dL in women.
7. Know about Obstructive Sleep Apnea
a. One trigger of dyslipidemia.
b. Patients with OSA often have high total cholesterol, LDL, TH, and low HDL.
8. What is appropriate oral feeding for Hepatitis?
a. Frequent with high energy and high-quality protein to minimize the loss of muscle mass.
b. 1.0-1.2 g/kg of body weight is recommended
c. Dietary fats should not be limited unless not well tolerated.
d. Supplementation with vitamin B complex (thiamine & B12 because decreased
absorption). Vitamin K, vitamin C, and zinc.
e. Abstinence from alcohol is IMPERATIVE
9. What is the treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?
a. Lifestyle intervention is first line
i. Vitamins, amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and
polyphenols
ii. Weight loss may be needed but meals should not be skipped to lose weight
rapidly
iii. Bariatric surgery may be required.
10. What is the best nutrition plan with client that has cirrhosis and increased encephalopathy?
a. Branched chain amino acids can ensure a successful sustained level of protein intake –
plant proteins also produce less ammonia.
11. What is the nutritional considerations for a liver transplant client?
a. Dependent on the individual’s weight and history status.
b. Pre-transplantation
i. Provide enough calories and proteins to decrease protein catabolism and correct
any nutritional deficiencies.
c. Immediate post-transplantation period (4-8 weeks post op)
i. Requires individualization of nutrition therapy according to the patient’s need.
ii. Adequate calories and protein are necessary for the stresses that result from
surgery and high doses of glucocorticoids.
This study source was downloaded by 100000830604181 from CourseHero.com on 04-25-2022 02:18:00 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/76406520/NR228-ROK-for-Final-Dec-20205941docx/
, NR228 ROK for Final exam Dec. 2020
iii. Early enteral nutrition with the new immunomodulating diets enriched with
hydrolyzed whey protein can prevent post-transplant bacteremia and post-
transplant hyperglycemia.
iv. Parenteral nutrition may be necessary if nutritional needs cannot be met
enterally
v. In between supplements should be used to meet calorie and protein goals
vi. Fluid loss should be considered for post-op fluid needs
12. Know the risk factors for gallbladder disease.
a. Women who are multiparous, undergoing estrogen therapy, or use oral contraceptives
b. Obesity
c. Sedentary lifestyles
d. Aged
e. Those who have diabetes mellitus
f. Genetic tendencies
g. Long term intake of high fat foods
13. Know the recommended treatment for cholecystitis.
a. Surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy)
14. What is the appropriate diet for status post cholecystectomy?
a. Patients may receive nothing orally or clear liquids until they can tolerate a regular diet.
b. Some patients need to follow a low-fat diet for several weeks after surgery
i. Total amount of fat is more important than fat consumed.
c. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy may consume a regular diet immediately after surgery.
15. What are the causes of acute pancreatitis?
a. Alcohol consumption
b. Bladder disease
16. Know the nutrition for client with acute pancreatitis.
a. Goal: provide nutrition while minimizing pancreatic secretions
b. Parenteral nutrition within the first 24 hours initiates the inflammatory response, repairs
the immune response, and worsens the outcome.
c. Bowel rest leads to atrophy of the intestinal mucosa and bacterial translocation
d. Early introduction of enteral feeding promotes fewer infections, shorter hospital stays,
and overall decreased medical costs
e. Low-fat, elemental formulas are recommended.
17. What is the GI tract responsible for?
a. To break down food into nutrients, which can be absorbed by the body to provide
energy. (google)
18. Know what happens to the body in starvation mode.
a. The body extracts stored carbs and fats, as well as proteins from muscles and organs, to
meet energy demands.
b. Liver glycogen is used first, to maintain normal blood glucose levels and to provide
energy for the brain and RBCs limited source of energy
c. Glycogen storage is usually depleted in 24 hours
d. Lipid (TGs) may be substantial, and the body begins to mobilize thus energy source.
e. After 24 hours without intake (carbs), the prime source of glucose is from glucogenesis.
f. Early starvation (2-3 days) uses glucose produced from muscle protein
i. Inadequate protein and/or energy intake adaption mechanisms = reduced
protein store: decreased skeletal muscle mass, heart muscle mass, respiratory
muscle mass, and protein reserve; reduced metabolic rate: hypotension,
This study source was downloaded by 100000830604181 from CourseHero.com on 04-25-2022 02:18:00 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/76406520/NR228-ROK-for-Final-Dec-20205941docx/
