NUR 6630 Psychopharmacology Midterm Study Guide
Serotonin regulates
- Mood, emotion, feeding, and reproductive behavior
This class of antidepressants binds to presynaptic SERT and inhibits them from reuptake of
serotonin to increase levels in the synaptic cleft to bind with postsysnaptic 5HT2 receptors
- SSRIs
First line therapy for MDD due to milder side effect profiles
- SSRIs
Six Common SSRIs
- citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine
Onset of therapeutic benefit from SSRIs
- 4-6 weeks
In addition to MDD, SSRIs also treat
- Chronic Anxiety, PTSD, OCD, and eating disorders (bulimia)
Five Common side effects of SSRIs include
- Anxiety, insomnia, GI distress, sexual dysfunction (ED), SIADH
Severe side effect of SSRIs in children/adolescents under age 25 years old
- suicidal ideation
Life threatening adverse effect of SSRIs, especially when used in combination with other
serotonergic drugs (SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, etc.)
- Serotonin Syndrome
Excess accumulation of serotonin resulting in overstimulation of the nervous system
- Serotonin Syndrome
,Seven symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome
- Flushing, hyperthermia, agitation, muscle rigidity, seizure, coma, HYPERreflexia
The treatment for serotonin syndrome
- Cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist)
Cyproheptadine treats serotonin syndrome by
- blocking 5-HT2 receptors (serotonin antagonist)
When SSRIs or SNRIs are stopped abruptly, common symptoms of withdrawal include
- Irritability, headaches, and insomnia
Medicine specific side effect of citalopram
- Prolonged QT interval (normal=0.4.-0.44 seconds)
This SSRI is pregnancy category D due to associations with congenital heart defects
- Paroxetine
All SSRIs but paroxetine (D) are pregnancy category
-C
Three SSRIs that are inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 enzymes
- fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and paroxetine
Five common SNRIs include
- duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, milnacipran, levomilnacipran
This antidepressant class of medications works by binding to presynaptic SERT and NET to
inhibit them from reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine to increase their levels in the
synaptic cleft
- SNRIs
In addition to MDD SNRIs treat
, - Anxiety and neuropathic pain (peripheral neuropathy)
Medication specific indications of duloxetine:
- urinary incontinence and Fibromyalgia
Medication specific indications of venlafaxine:
- social anxiety, panic disorders, PTSD, OCD, postmenopausal hot flashes
Six common side effects of SNRIs include:
- Insomnia, nausea, sexual dysfunction, hypertension, sweating, headaches
Severe side effect of SNRIs in children/adolescents under age 25 years old:
- suicidal ideation
Life threatening adverse effect of SNRIs, especially when used in combination with other
serotonergic drugs:
- Serotonin Syndrome
This SNRI is an inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 enzymes:
- venlafaxine
This SNRI is hepatotoxic:
- duloxetine
MAOIs increase the levels of:
- Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine
Norepinephrine regulates:
- alertness and focus
Dopamine regulates:
- cognitive function, motivation, and awakeness
In the synaptic cleft, Monoamine Oxidase A breaks down:
Serotonin regulates
- Mood, emotion, feeding, and reproductive behavior
This class of antidepressants binds to presynaptic SERT and inhibits them from reuptake of
serotonin to increase levels in the synaptic cleft to bind with postsysnaptic 5HT2 receptors
- SSRIs
First line therapy for MDD due to milder side effect profiles
- SSRIs
Six Common SSRIs
- citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine
Onset of therapeutic benefit from SSRIs
- 4-6 weeks
In addition to MDD, SSRIs also treat
- Chronic Anxiety, PTSD, OCD, and eating disorders (bulimia)
Five Common side effects of SSRIs include
- Anxiety, insomnia, GI distress, sexual dysfunction (ED), SIADH
Severe side effect of SSRIs in children/adolescents under age 25 years old
- suicidal ideation
Life threatening adverse effect of SSRIs, especially when used in combination with other
serotonergic drugs (SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, etc.)
- Serotonin Syndrome
Excess accumulation of serotonin resulting in overstimulation of the nervous system
- Serotonin Syndrome
,Seven symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome
- Flushing, hyperthermia, agitation, muscle rigidity, seizure, coma, HYPERreflexia
The treatment for serotonin syndrome
- Cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist)
Cyproheptadine treats serotonin syndrome by
- blocking 5-HT2 receptors (serotonin antagonist)
When SSRIs or SNRIs are stopped abruptly, common symptoms of withdrawal include
- Irritability, headaches, and insomnia
Medicine specific side effect of citalopram
- Prolonged QT interval (normal=0.4.-0.44 seconds)
This SSRI is pregnancy category D due to associations with congenital heart defects
- Paroxetine
All SSRIs but paroxetine (D) are pregnancy category
-C
Three SSRIs that are inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 enzymes
- fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and paroxetine
Five common SNRIs include
- duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, milnacipran, levomilnacipran
This antidepressant class of medications works by binding to presynaptic SERT and NET to
inhibit them from reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine to increase their levels in the
synaptic cleft
- SNRIs
In addition to MDD SNRIs treat
, - Anxiety and neuropathic pain (peripheral neuropathy)
Medication specific indications of duloxetine:
- urinary incontinence and Fibromyalgia
Medication specific indications of venlafaxine:
- social anxiety, panic disorders, PTSD, OCD, postmenopausal hot flashes
Six common side effects of SNRIs include:
- Insomnia, nausea, sexual dysfunction, hypertension, sweating, headaches
Severe side effect of SNRIs in children/adolescents under age 25 years old:
- suicidal ideation
Life threatening adverse effect of SNRIs, especially when used in combination with other
serotonergic drugs:
- Serotonin Syndrome
This SNRI is an inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 enzymes:
- venlafaxine
This SNRI is hepatotoxic:
- duloxetine
MAOIs increase the levels of:
- Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine
Norepinephrine regulates:
- alertness and focus
Dopamine regulates:
- cognitive function, motivation, and awakeness
In the synaptic cleft, Monoamine Oxidase A breaks down:
