Biol235 Quiz 2 i i
1. What iforces iact ion ia ilever iin imuscles
2. A igood ianalogy iis ia ispring ion ia idoor. iIn ithis iexample, ithe ipart iof ithe ispring iattached ito ithe
iframe i is ithe iorigin; ithe ipart iattached ito ithe idoor irepresents ithe i insertion. iA iuseful iruleio f
ithumb i is ithat ithe iorigin i is iusually iproximal iand ithe i insertion idistal; ithe i insertion i is
iusually ipulled itoward ithe iorigin.
3. Identify ithe iglute imax ion ia idiagram iand iknow iits iactions
, a. the imovement iof igluteus imaximus iwith ifigure iof i11.3(b) i- iGluteus imaximus imain
iactions iare ito iextend iand ilaterally irotate ithe ihip ijoint. iFurthermore, iupper ifibers
ican iabduct ithe ihip iwhereas ithe ilower ifibers ican iadduct.
b. The igluteus imaximus iis ithe ilargest iand iheaviest iof ithe ithree imuscles iand iis ione iof ithe
ilargest imuscles iin ithe ibody. iIt iis ithe ichief iextensor iof ithe ifemur. iIn i its ireverse i muscle
iaction i(RMA), i it i is ia ipowerful iextensor iof ithe itorso iat ithe ihip ijoint.
c. The igluteus imedius iis imostly ideep ito ithe igluteus imaximus iand iis ia ipowerful iabductor
iof ithe ifemur iat ithe ihip ijoint. iIt iis ia icommon isite i for iintramuscular i injection.
d. The igluteus iminimus iis ithe ismallest iof ithe igluteal imuscles iand ilies ideep ito ithe igluteus
imedius.
4. What iis ithe irelationship ibetween isternocleidomastoid iand isplenius icapitis
- Biletaral icontraction iof isplenius icapitis iresults iin iextension iof ithe ihead ion ithe
ineck. iWhen iit icontracts iunilaterally, iit iacts iin isynergy i with
the icontralateral isternocleidomastoid imuscle, iresulting iin ilateral iflexion iand
irotation iof ithe ihead itowards ithe iipsilateral iside.
The irelationship ibetween ithese imuscles iwhen ibowing iyou ihead iis iC) iThe isternocleidomastoidiis
ithe iprime imover iand ithe isplenius icervicis iis ithe iantagonist.
The iprinciple imuscles ithat iare iprimarily iresponsible ifor icausing ia igiven iaction iabout ia ijoint iare
ireferred ito ias ithe iagonist i muscles ior ithe iprime i movers.
The imuscle ithat iopposes ithat imovement iand ireturns ithe ibody ipart ito ithe ioriginal iposition iisicalled
ithe iantagonist imuscle.
A imuscle iwhich istabilizes ia ijoint iaround iwhich ithe imovement iis ioccurring iand ican iassist iin
icreating i movement iis iknown ias ia isynergist imuscle.
, 5. Know iab imuscles ifrom isuperficial ito ideep
- orders iof iabdominal imuscles ifrom isuperficial ito ideep i- iexternal ioblique imuscles iform
it he isuperficial i layer, iwhile ithe i internal ioblique i muscles i form ithe i middle i layer, iand ithe
itransverses iabdominus i forms ithe ideepest ilayer.
6. Origin
- the iattachment iof ia imuscle’s itendon ito ithe istationary ibone.
7. Insertion– iknow ithe iinsertion
- the iattachment iof ithe imuscle’s iother itendon ito ithe imovable ibone.
8. What iare ithe iactions iof ithe ideltoid?
deltoid imovements ion iarm i– iflexion iand iextension i(posterior ifibers), iabduction iof
ishoulder i(all i fibers), iintermediate i fibers i stabilize ithe ihead iof ithe ihumerus
- Lateral ifibers iabduct iarm iat ishoulder ijoint; ianterior ifibers iflex iand imedially irotate iarm iat
ishoulder i joint; iposterior ifi i bers iextend iand i laterally irotate iarm iat ishoulder i joint.
9. What imuscles iare iinvolved iin iforceful ibreathing?
- Forced ior ilabored ibreathing iinvolves ithe isternocleidomastoid iand iscalene
imuscles ito ilift ithe iupper irib icage ieven imore ithan iin inormal ibreathing. iBy ilifting
ithe iupper iportion iof ithe irib icage ithe iaction iof ithe i intercostals iis imagnified.
Forced iexhalation iemploys ithe iinternal iintercostals iand ithe iabdominal
imuscles.
-
type iof ineuron icircuit ifor ibreathing
– ia ireverberating icircuit icontrols irespiration
Among ithe ibody iresponses ithought ito ibe ithe iresult iof ioutput isignals ifrom ireverberating
ic ircuits iare i breathing, icoordinated i muscular iactivities, iwaking iup, iand ishort-term
i memory. iIt ihelps iwith ibreathing i by i lengthening ioutput isignal
Be iable ito iidentify ithe ireverberating icircuit iusing ithe idiagram
1. What iforces iact ion ia ilever iin imuscles
2. A igood ianalogy iis ia ispring ion ia idoor. iIn ithis iexample, ithe ipart iof ithe ispring iattached ito ithe
iframe i is ithe iorigin; ithe ipart iattached ito ithe idoor irepresents ithe i insertion. iA iuseful iruleio f
ithumb i is ithat ithe iorigin i is iusually iproximal iand ithe i insertion idistal; ithe i insertion i is
iusually ipulled itoward ithe iorigin.
3. Identify ithe iglute imax ion ia idiagram iand iknow iits iactions
, a. the imovement iof igluteus imaximus iwith ifigure iof i11.3(b) i- iGluteus imaximus imain
iactions iare ito iextend iand ilaterally irotate ithe ihip ijoint. iFurthermore, iupper ifibers
ican iabduct ithe ihip iwhereas ithe ilower ifibers ican iadduct.
b. The igluteus imaximus iis ithe ilargest iand iheaviest iof ithe ithree imuscles iand iis ione iof ithe
ilargest imuscles iin ithe ibody. iIt iis ithe ichief iextensor iof ithe ifemur. iIn i its ireverse i muscle
iaction i(RMA), i it i is ia ipowerful iextensor iof ithe itorso iat ithe ihip ijoint.
c. The igluteus imedius iis imostly ideep ito ithe igluteus imaximus iand iis ia ipowerful iabductor
iof ithe ifemur iat ithe ihip ijoint. iIt iis ia icommon isite i for iintramuscular i injection.
d. The igluteus iminimus iis ithe ismallest iof ithe igluteal imuscles iand ilies ideep ito ithe igluteus
imedius.
4. What iis ithe irelationship ibetween isternocleidomastoid iand isplenius icapitis
- Biletaral icontraction iof isplenius icapitis iresults iin iextension iof ithe ihead ion ithe
ineck. iWhen iit icontracts iunilaterally, iit iacts iin isynergy i with
the icontralateral isternocleidomastoid imuscle, iresulting iin ilateral iflexion iand
irotation iof ithe ihead itowards ithe iipsilateral iside.
The irelationship ibetween ithese imuscles iwhen ibowing iyou ihead iis iC) iThe isternocleidomastoidiis
ithe iprime imover iand ithe isplenius icervicis iis ithe iantagonist.
The iprinciple imuscles ithat iare iprimarily iresponsible ifor icausing ia igiven iaction iabout ia ijoint iare
ireferred ito ias ithe iagonist i muscles ior ithe iprime i movers.
The imuscle ithat iopposes ithat imovement iand ireturns ithe ibody ipart ito ithe ioriginal iposition iisicalled
ithe iantagonist imuscle.
A imuscle iwhich istabilizes ia ijoint iaround iwhich ithe imovement iis ioccurring iand ican iassist iin
icreating i movement iis iknown ias ia isynergist imuscle.
, 5. Know iab imuscles ifrom isuperficial ito ideep
- orders iof iabdominal imuscles ifrom isuperficial ito ideep i- iexternal ioblique imuscles iform
it he isuperficial i layer, iwhile ithe i internal ioblique i muscles i form ithe i middle i layer, iand ithe
itransverses iabdominus i forms ithe ideepest ilayer.
6. Origin
- the iattachment iof ia imuscle’s itendon ito ithe istationary ibone.
7. Insertion– iknow ithe iinsertion
- the iattachment iof ithe imuscle’s iother itendon ito ithe imovable ibone.
8. What iare ithe iactions iof ithe ideltoid?
deltoid imovements ion iarm i– iflexion iand iextension i(posterior ifibers), iabduction iof
ishoulder i(all i fibers), iintermediate i fibers i stabilize ithe ihead iof ithe ihumerus
- Lateral ifibers iabduct iarm iat ishoulder ijoint; ianterior ifibers iflex iand imedially irotate iarm iat
ishoulder i joint; iposterior ifi i bers iextend iand i laterally irotate iarm iat ishoulder i joint.
9. What imuscles iare iinvolved iin iforceful ibreathing?
- Forced ior ilabored ibreathing iinvolves ithe isternocleidomastoid iand iscalene
imuscles ito ilift ithe iupper irib icage ieven imore ithan iin inormal ibreathing. iBy ilifting
ithe iupper iportion iof ithe irib icage ithe iaction iof ithe i intercostals iis imagnified.
Forced iexhalation iemploys ithe iinternal iintercostals iand ithe iabdominal
imuscles.
-
type iof ineuron icircuit ifor ibreathing
– ia ireverberating icircuit icontrols irespiration
Among ithe ibody iresponses ithought ito ibe ithe iresult iof ioutput isignals ifrom ireverberating
ic ircuits iare i breathing, icoordinated i muscular iactivities, iwaking iup, iand ishort-term
i memory. iIt ihelps iwith ibreathing i by i lengthening ioutput isignal
Be iable ito iidentify ithe ireverberating icircuit iusing ithe idiagram
