NUR2115- Fundamentals of Professional Nursing, Exam #1 Concept Guide
Module 1- Wellness, Illness, Client-Centered Care and Evidence-Based Practice:
Chapters 1 - 4, 13, 21, and 23
1) Types of wellness, including spiritual, physical, emotional, and sociocultural.
SPIRITUAL: Having peace and harmony in life, in congruence with values and actions.
PHYSICAL: Airway, breathing, elimination, food/drink, and mobility.
EMOTIONAL: Feelings of self-esteem, fear, sadness, loneliness, or acceptance of self.
SOCIOCULTURAL: Feelings of love and belonging.
2) Review WHO (World Health Organization) and their definition of health: Includes physical, social, and
mental components and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
3) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological: Physical needs, such as airway, breathing, circulation, elimination, food /
drink, and mobility.
Safety: Environmental, security, housing, and climate.
Love & Belonging: Sociocultural, family, friends, and coworkers.
Esteem: Emotional, ear, sadness, loneliness, self-acceptance, and self-esteem
Self-actualization: Intellectual, having peace and harmony.
4) Evidence-based practice (EBP) Before developing a procedure, a group of nurses on a practice
committee review all current research-based literature on insertion of a urinary Catheter. What
type of nursing will be practiced based on this review? EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING
A problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available.
Blends both the science and art of nursing so that the best patient outcomes are achieved.
5) Asking Clinical Questions in PICO format Know each segment of PICO
P: Patient, population, or problem of interest
I: Intervention of interest
C: Comparison of interest
O: Outcome of interest
6) Sources of knowledge: traditional, scientific and authoritarian
Traditional: Knowledge passed down from generation to generation.
Scientific: Knowledge obtained through scientific method and implied through research.
Authoritarian: Knowledge that comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the
person's perceived expertise.
7) Evolution of nursing research and credible resources which can be used KNOW CREDIBLE SOURCES NOT
WIWKIPEDIA.
-Florence Nightingale kept objective records during the Crimean War, and later went back to see
which interventions were most effective to the patients.
, -As advances were made in technology and medical research during the 20th century, nursing
leaders realized that research about the practice of nursing was necessary to meet the health
needs of modern society.
-During the 1950s and 1960s, nursing research was increasingly recognized as important. Early
studies provided the basis for the development of nursing practice standards and the most
effective educational preparation for registered nurses.
-The 1970s and 1980s focused on clinical research, with published studies of clinical
interventions, such as vital signs and treatment procedures.
-Credible sources: Journal articles that are peer - reviewed. Nursing research is conducted by
quantitative and qualitative methodologies.
8) Common concepts in all nursing theories:
Four concepts common in nursing theory that influence and determine nursing practice are (1)
the person (patient), (2) the environment, (3) health, and (4) nursing. The focus of nursing,
regardless of definition or theory, is the person
9) Stages of illness behavior KNOW THESE
STAGE 1: EXPERIENCING SYMPTOMS
STAGE 2: ASSUMING THE SICK ROLE
STAGE 3: ASSUMING A DEPENDENT ROLE
STAGE 4: ACHIEVING RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION
10) Health promotion and illness prevention, including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
• Primary: promoting health & preventing development of disease or injury
• Immunizations
• family planning
• poison-control info
• fall prevention education
• Secondary: screening for early detection of disease for prompt diagnosis & treatment
• Child wellness visits for normal growth & development, routine medical & dental checks
• Tertiary: reducing disability after an illness is diagnosed & treated to help achieve maximum level of
functioning
• Teaching diabetic clients how to prevent diabetic foot ulcers
• physical therapy to prevent contractures in an immobile patient
• referral to a cancer support group after breast cancer diagnosis
11) Health People 2020 health promotion guidelines SAFETY GOALS OF HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
-Attain high quality, longer lives, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, premature death.
-Achieve high equality, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups.
-Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
-Promote quality of life, healthy development, healthy behavior across all life stages.
12) National patient safety goals
1. Improve the accuracy of patient identification.
2. Improve staff communication.
Module 1- Wellness, Illness, Client-Centered Care and Evidence-Based Practice:
Chapters 1 - 4, 13, 21, and 23
1) Types of wellness, including spiritual, physical, emotional, and sociocultural.
SPIRITUAL: Having peace and harmony in life, in congruence with values and actions.
PHYSICAL: Airway, breathing, elimination, food/drink, and mobility.
EMOTIONAL: Feelings of self-esteem, fear, sadness, loneliness, or acceptance of self.
SOCIOCULTURAL: Feelings of love and belonging.
2) Review WHO (World Health Organization) and their definition of health: Includes physical, social, and
mental components and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
3) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological: Physical needs, such as airway, breathing, circulation, elimination, food /
drink, and mobility.
Safety: Environmental, security, housing, and climate.
Love & Belonging: Sociocultural, family, friends, and coworkers.
Esteem: Emotional, ear, sadness, loneliness, self-acceptance, and self-esteem
Self-actualization: Intellectual, having peace and harmony.
4) Evidence-based practice (EBP) Before developing a procedure, a group of nurses on a practice
committee review all current research-based literature on insertion of a urinary Catheter. What
type of nursing will be practiced based on this review? EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING
A problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available.
Blends both the science and art of nursing so that the best patient outcomes are achieved.
5) Asking Clinical Questions in PICO format Know each segment of PICO
P: Patient, population, or problem of interest
I: Intervention of interest
C: Comparison of interest
O: Outcome of interest
6) Sources of knowledge: traditional, scientific and authoritarian
Traditional: Knowledge passed down from generation to generation.
Scientific: Knowledge obtained through scientific method and implied through research.
Authoritarian: Knowledge that comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the
person's perceived expertise.
7) Evolution of nursing research and credible resources which can be used KNOW CREDIBLE SOURCES NOT
WIWKIPEDIA.
-Florence Nightingale kept objective records during the Crimean War, and later went back to see
which interventions were most effective to the patients.
, -As advances were made in technology and medical research during the 20th century, nursing
leaders realized that research about the practice of nursing was necessary to meet the health
needs of modern society.
-During the 1950s and 1960s, nursing research was increasingly recognized as important. Early
studies provided the basis for the development of nursing practice standards and the most
effective educational preparation for registered nurses.
-The 1970s and 1980s focused on clinical research, with published studies of clinical
interventions, such as vital signs and treatment procedures.
-Credible sources: Journal articles that are peer - reviewed. Nursing research is conducted by
quantitative and qualitative methodologies.
8) Common concepts in all nursing theories:
Four concepts common in nursing theory that influence and determine nursing practice are (1)
the person (patient), (2) the environment, (3) health, and (4) nursing. The focus of nursing,
regardless of definition or theory, is the person
9) Stages of illness behavior KNOW THESE
STAGE 1: EXPERIENCING SYMPTOMS
STAGE 2: ASSUMING THE SICK ROLE
STAGE 3: ASSUMING A DEPENDENT ROLE
STAGE 4: ACHIEVING RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION
10) Health promotion and illness prevention, including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
• Primary: promoting health & preventing development of disease or injury
• Immunizations
• family planning
• poison-control info
• fall prevention education
• Secondary: screening for early detection of disease for prompt diagnosis & treatment
• Child wellness visits for normal growth & development, routine medical & dental checks
• Tertiary: reducing disability after an illness is diagnosed & treated to help achieve maximum level of
functioning
• Teaching diabetic clients how to prevent diabetic foot ulcers
• physical therapy to prevent contractures in an immobile patient
• referral to a cancer support group after breast cancer diagnosis
11) Health People 2020 health promotion guidelines SAFETY GOALS OF HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
-Attain high quality, longer lives, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, premature death.
-Achieve high equality, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups.
-Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
-Promote quality of life, healthy development, healthy behavior across all life stages.
12) National patient safety goals
1. Improve the accuracy of patient identification.
2. Improve staff communication.
