HESI FUNDAMENTALS 50 V1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FALL 2017,100% CORRECT

HESI MED CHART • Androgens: Most names end with -terone (e.g., testosterone). • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: Most names end with -pril (e.g., enalapril). • Antidiuretic hormones: Most names end in -pressin (e.g., desmopressin). • Antilipemic medications: Many end with -statin (e.g., atorvastatin). • Antiviral medications: Most contain vir (e.g., acyclovir). • Benzodiazepines: Although this class includes medications such as alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide, most names such as diazepam end in - pam. (Another tip for identifying a benzodiazepine: The name includes a vowel-z-vowel combination.) • Beta-adrenergic blockers: Most names end with -lol (e.g., atenolol). • Calcium channel blockers: Most names end in -pine (e.g., amiodipine); exceptions include diltiazem and verapamil. • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Most names end in -mide (e.g., dorzolamide). These medications are used to treat glaucoma. • Estrogens: Most names contain -est (e.g., estradiol or conjugated estrogen). • Glucocorticoids and corticosteroids: Most names end in - sone (e.g., prednisone). • Histamine H2 receptor antagonists: Most names end in -dine (e.g., cimetidine). • Nitrates: Most names contain nitr (e.g., nitroglycerin). • Pancreatic enzyme replacements: Most names contain pancre (e.g., pancrealipase). • Proton pump inhibitors: Most names end in -zole (e.g., lansoprazole). • Sulfonamides: Most names include sulf (e.g., sulfasalazine). • Sulfonylureas: Most names end in -ide (e.g., glipizide). These medications are used to treat diabetes mellitus. • Thiazide diuretics: Most names end in -zide (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide). • Thrombolytics: Most names include -ase (e.g., alteplase). • Thyroid hormones: Most names contain thy (e.g., levothyroxine). • Xanthine bronchodilators: Most names end in -line (e.g., theophylline). Nursing Considerations from HESI • Donepezil: Side effects include nausea and diarrhea, and the medication may slow the heart rate by means of its vagotonic effect. • Tacrine: Side effects include ataxia, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea; hepatotoxicity is an adverse effect, and liver function parameters must be monitored. • Galantamine: Side effects include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss; it can also cause bronchoconstriction and is used with caution in clients with asthma and COPD. • Memantine: Side effects include dizziness, headache, confusion, and constipation; sodium bicarbonate and other medications that alkalinize the urine can decrease renal excretion of memantine, resulting in accumulation to toxic levels. • Rivastigmine: Side effects include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and anorexia; it is used with caution in clients with peptic ulcer disease, bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, urinary obstruction, and lung disease, because it enhances cholinergic transmission, thereby intensifying symptoms of these disorders. HESI Pharmacology Notes: • The antidote to heparin is protamine sulfate. • The antidote to acetaminophen is acetylcysteine • Withhold opioids if RR is less than 12 • Vitamin K is the antidote to warfarin. • Cardiac glycosides- digoxin increase force of myocardial contractions and slows the HR o Above 2 is a toxic level. 0.5-2 is ok