COMPENTENCIES EXAM 1 NURS 105
Q&A
Section 1-Describe professional nursing within the healthcare environment
a. Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes (pg. 6-8)
a. Nurses have and will always response to the needs of their patients.
i. Florence Nightingale
1. First practicing epidemiologist
2. Organized first school of nursing
3. Showed connection between sanitation and disease
4. Lady with the lamp
5. Fresh air, hygiene, and nutrition importance
ii. Civil war to 20th century
1. Clara Barton-founder of American Red Cross cared for soldiers
2. Harriet Tubman-Underground railroad
3. Mary Mahoney-first professional educated African American nurse
iii. Twentieth Century-Movement toward developing a scientific, research based
defined body of nursing knowledge and practice evolved.
1. Expansion of nursing roles
iv. Twenty-First Century-Advance in technology and informatics require
nurses have a strong and current knowledge base
1. Aging population
a. Hospice, palliative care added to curricula
2. Bioterrorism
3. Emerging infections
4. Disaster management
5. Last Acts campaign (improve care for dying)
b. Health care reform and costs-services moving towards community-based settings
c. Demographic changes-2030s will be a transformative decade and require expanded
health care resources
i. Slower population growth
ii. More racially and ethnically diverse
d. Medically underserved
b. Discuss the professional responsibilities and roles of the nurse (pg.3-4)
a. Autonomy and Accountability (pg.3)-Autonomy is an essential element of
professional nursing. This involves initiating independent nursing interventions
,COMPENTENCIES EXAM 1 NURS 105
Q&A
without medical order. For example, a patient has low oxygen. You do not leave that
patient. You initiate 2L of oxygen, then call the provider. With this greater
autonomy comes greater accountability, not just through audits and standards of
practice, but personally as well. You are responsible for continually obtaining new
knowledge and practicing via evidence, not just what you learned in school.
b. Caregiver
c. Advocate
d. Educator
e. Communicator-effective
f. Manager (of patient)
c. Describe how scopes of practice affect nursing roles (pg. 2-3)
,COMPENTENCIES EXAM 1 NURS 105
Q&A
i. 1960-ANA developed scopes and standards of practice for nurses and
documentation began
1. Box 1.2 ANA standards of nursing (pg. 2)
2. Definition of Nursing
a. “Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury;
alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment
of human response; and advocacy in the care of
individuals , families, communities, and populations.”
(ANA 2015)
b. ICN definition see pg. 2
3. Box 1.3 Standards of Professional Performance (pg.3)
4. Code of Ethics (pg.3)-philosophical ideals of right and wrong used
to provide care
a. You must incorporate your own values and ethics into
your practice
b. Ethics Committees-In hospitals
i. Ex. Patient’s end of life wishes vs. family’s wishes
d. Explain the structure of the US healthcare system (pg.14)
a. 6 levels of care (not the same as the levels of prevention) (Box 2.1)
i. Preventative-screenings, wellness visits, immunizations, diet counseling,
mental health counseling and crisis prevention, community legislation (seat
belts, bike helmets, etc.)
ii. Primary Care (Health Promotion)-Diagnosis and treatment of common
illnesses, ongoing management of chronic health problems, prenatal, well
baby, family planning, patient centered medical home
iii. Secondary (acute care)-Urgent care, hospital emergency, acute med-surg
care, ambulatory care, outpatient surgery, hospital, radiological procedures
iv. Tertiary care-ICU, impatient psych facilities, specialty care (neuro,
cardio, rheum, derm, oncology)
v. Restorative care-Rehab programs, sports med, spinal cord injury program,
home care
vi. Continuing care-long term care, assisted living, nursing centers,
psychiatric and older adult day care
, COMPENTENCIES EXAM 1 NURS 105
Q&A
e. Discuss the types of settings that provide various health services (pg. 16-23)
a. Primary and Preventative Health Care -Table 2.1 (pg.16)
i. Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population
ii. Health promotion is a major theme in primary care which helps to lower the
overall costs of health care by reducing the incidence of disease, minimizing
complications, and thus reducing the need to use more expensive healthcare
resources.
iii. Preventative care is more disease orientated by reducing and controlling risk
factors for disease.
b. Secondary and Tertiary Care
i. Focus is diagnosis and treatment of illness
Q&A
Section 1-Describe professional nursing within the healthcare environment
a. Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes (pg. 6-8)
a. Nurses have and will always response to the needs of their patients.
i. Florence Nightingale
1. First practicing epidemiologist
2. Organized first school of nursing
3. Showed connection between sanitation and disease
4. Lady with the lamp
5. Fresh air, hygiene, and nutrition importance
ii. Civil war to 20th century
1. Clara Barton-founder of American Red Cross cared for soldiers
2. Harriet Tubman-Underground railroad
3. Mary Mahoney-first professional educated African American nurse
iii. Twentieth Century-Movement toward developing a scientific, research based
defined body of nursing knowledge and practice evolved.
1. Expansion of nursing roles
iv. Twenty-First Century-Advance in technology and informatics require
nurses have a strong and current knowledge base
1. Aging population
a. Hospice, palliative care added to curricula
2. Bioterrorism
3. Emerging infections
4. Disaster management
5. Last Acts campaign (improve care for dying)
b. Health care reform and costs-services moving towards community-based settings
c. Demographic changes-2030s will be a transformative decade and require expanded
health care resources
i. Slower population growth
ii. More racially and ethnically diverse
d. Medically underserved
b. Discuss the professional responsibilities and roles of the nurse (pg.3-4)
a. Autonomy and Accountability (pg.3)-Autonomy is an essential element of
professional nursing. This involves initiating independent nursing interventions
,COMPENTENCIES EXAM 1 NURS 105
Q&A
without medical order. For example, a patient has low oxygen. You do not leave that
patient. You initiate 2L of oxygen, then call the provider. With this greater
autonomy comes greater accountability, not just through audits and standards of
practice, but personally as well. You are responsible for continually obtaining new
knowledge and practicing via evidence, not just what you learned in school.
b. Caregiver
c. Advocate
d. Educator
e. Communicator-effective
f. Manager (of patient)
c. Describe how scopes of practice affect nursing roles (pg. 2-3)
,COMPENTENCIES EXAM 1 NURS 105
Q&A
i. 1960-ANA developed scopes and standards of practice for nurses and
documentation began
1. Box 1.2 ANA standards of nursing (pg. 2)
2. Definition of Nursing
a. “Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury;
alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment
of human response; and advocacy in the care of
individuals , families, communities, and populations.”
(ANA 2015)
b. ICN definition see pg. 2
3. Box 1.3 Standards of Professional Performance (pg.3)
4. Code of Ethics (pg.3)-philosophical ideals of right and wrong used
to provide care
a. You must incorporate your own values and ethics into
your practice
b. Ethics Committees-In hospitals
i. Ex. Patient’s end of life wishes vs. family’s wishes
d. Explain the structure of the US healthcare system (pg.14)
a. 6 levels of care (not the same as the levels of prevention) (Box 2.1)
i. Preventative-screenings, wellness visits, immunizations, diet counseling,
mental health counseling and crisis prevention, community legislation (seat
belts, bike helmets, etc.)
ii. Primary Care (Health Promotion)-Diagnosis and treatment of common
illnesses, ongoing management of chronic health problems, prenatal, well
baby, family planning, patient centered medical home
iii. Secondary (acute care)-Urgent care, hospital emergency, acute med-surg
care, ambulatory care, outpatient surgery, hospital, radiological procedures
iv. Tertiary care-ICU, impatient psych facilities, specialty care (neuro,
cardio, rheum, derm, oncology)
v. Restorative care-Rehab programs, sports med, spinal cord injury program,
home care
vi. Continuing care-long term care, assisted living, nursing centers,
psychiatric and older adult day care
, COMPENTENCIES EXAM 1 NURS 105
Q&A
e. Discuss the types of settings that provide various health services (pg. 16-23)
a. Primary and Preventative Health Care -Table 2.1 (pg.16)
i. Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population
ii. Health promotion is a major theme in primary care which helps to lower the
overall costs of health care by reducing the incidence of disease, minimizing
complications, and thus reducing the need to use more expensive healthcare
resources.
iii. Preventative care is more disease orientated by reducing and controlling risk
factors for disease.
b. Secondary and Tertiary Care
i. Focus is diagnosis and treatment of illness
