NURS FUNDAMENTAL HESI EXIT key points 2021/2022
Fluid & electrolytes and Acid Base balance.
Anasarca: generalized edema
Fluid-related problems: Infants and older adults are at higher risk
• Children have a greater proportion of body water
• Older adults have the least proportion of body water.
Infants and older adults need to be monitored closely for fluid imbalances.
Insensible loss: water lost through the skin and expired air in lungs.
The client with diarrhea is at high risk for a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Hypertonic dehydration: cells shrink
Excessive perspiration, hyperventilation, ketoacidosis,
pronged fevers Hypotonic dehydration: cells swell (water is
retained)
• Chronic illness, excessive fluid replacement
• Kidney disease, chronic malnutriotn.
Extracellular: just means outside cells; like in vascular or interstitial
A client with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease is at high risk for fluid
volume excess. Common food sources with Potassium
• Avocado
• Bananas
• Cantaloupe Hypokalemia on ECG
• Oranges
Flattening of the T wave
• Strawberries
Emergence of a U wave.
• Tomatoes
• Carrots, mushrooms, spinach, ↓K: affects the end and
• Fish, pork, beef, veal flattens the T.
• Potatoes ↑K: affects the beginning and
• Raisins. sharpens the T.
Potassium loss causes
This study source was downloaded by 100000802531269 from CourseHero.com on 04-29-2022 17:39:57 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/42618961/HESI-EXIT-key-pointsdocx/
, • Overuse of Diuretics and corticosteroids
• Cushing’s syndrome- increased secretion of aldosterone (Salty aldo)
• Vomiting, diarrhea
• Wound drainage- particularly GI
• Prolonged nasogastric suction
• Excess sweating
• Kidney disease impairing reabsorption of potassium
• Hyperinsulinism
This study source was downloaded by 100000802531269 from CourseHero.com on 04-29-2022 17:39:57 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/42618961/HESI-EXIT-key-pointsdocx/
Fluid & electrolytes and Acid Base balance.
Anasarca: generalized edema
Fluid-related problems: Infants and older adults are at higher risk
• Children have a greater proportion of body water
• Older adults have the least proportion of body water.
Infants and older adults need to be monitored closely for fluid imbalances.
Insensible loss: water lost through the skin and expired air in lungs.
The client with diarrhea is at high risk for a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Hypertonic dehydration: cells shrink
Excessive perspiration, hyperventilation, ketoacidosis,
pronged fevers Hypotonic dehydration: cells swell (water is
retained)
• Chronic illness, excessive fluid replacement
• Kidney disease, chronic malnutriotn.
Extracellular: just means outside cells; like in vascular or interstitial
A client with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease is at high risk for fluid
volume excess. Common food sources with Potassium
• Avocado
• Bananas
• Cantaloupe Hypokalemia on ECG
• Oranges
Flattening of the T wave
• Strawberries
Emergence of a U wave.
• Tomatoes
• Carrots, mushrooms, spinach, ↓K: affects the end and
• Fish, pork, beef, veal flattens the T.
• Potatoes ↑K: affects the beginning and
• Raisins. sharpens the T.
Potassium loss causes
This study source was downloaded by 100000802531269 from CourseHero.com on 04-29-2022 17:39:57 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/42618961/HESI-EXIT-key-pointsdocx/
, • Overuse of Diuretics and corticosteroids
• Cushing’s syndrome- increased secretion of aldosterone (Salty aldo)
• Vomiting, diarrhea
• Wound drainage- particularly GI
• Prolonged nasogastric suction
• Excess sweating
• Kidney disease impairing reabsorption of potassium
• Hyperinsulinism
This study source was downloaded by 100000802531269 from CourseHero.com on 04-29-2022 17:39:57 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/42618961/HESI-EXIT-key-pointsdocx/
