UNIT 1
Health Defined
Models of health
Wellness- illness continuum
o Health as dichotomy
o High-level wellness
Sense of well being, life satisfaction, and quality of life
o Negative end
Adaptation to disease/ disability
Social determinant of health
Factors in a society that have an influence on health and the options available to
people to improve or maintain their health
Models of Health
Clinical
o Health is defined as Absence of signs or symptoms of disease or illness ;
prevention not emphasized
Role performance
o Health based on whether person can perform societal roles
Adaptive
o Abilities to adapt positively to social, mental, and physiological change
Eudaimonistic model
o Exuberant well-being: interaction and inter relationships in multiple aspects
of life
*compare and contrast different type of models
High-level wellness
Wellness is positive state with increases in health beyond midpoint of continuum
Dunn (1961) expanded concept of health to include favorability of environment
Progressions toward a higher level of functioning
Emphasizes interrelationship between environment and health on personal and
societal level
Eudaimonistic model
Aspects predate clinical model
Congruent with integrative modes of therapy
Address more comprehensive health needs
Compatible with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
Health is more broadly defined and can encompass more individuals and more
diverse life circumstances
,Key Health Concepts
Functioning- levels reflected in terms of performance/ social expectations; loss
indicator of need for nursing intervention
Health- state of physical, mental, spiritual and social functioning within
developmental context, both individual and societal responsibility
Disease- failure of adaptive mechanisms, results in functional or structural
disturbances
Illness- subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease-
psychological, spiritual and social components
What is nursing?
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities;
prevention of illness and injury; treating medical response to treatment and
diagnosis; advocacy in the care of individuals
Nursing interventions
Care for patients and follow the nursing process
Any task that a nurse does to or for a patient
Making a plan and setting goals for the patient
Nursing process- the essential core of practice for the registered nurse to deliver
holistic, patient- focused care
Planning for health
Previous focus was just on disease prevention
We need to promote health
healthy people iniative started in 1979 by US department of Health, Education, and
welfare
call to action to set goals for every 10 years
interest waned during the 1980s
healthy people 2020- renewed interest- became landmark document (initiated
1990)
Health model- Potter and Perry
Healthy People Iniative
healthy people 2000
o goal- increase span of healthy life, reduce health disparities, create access to
preventive services for all
o set 22 areas of achievement but by 1995, 30% of goals lacked progress
healthy people 2010
healthy people 2020
o health promotion and disease prevention efforts
, Definition of health and health promotion
health- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being. Not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity; a state of physical and mental being that people
define in relation to the their own values, personality, and lifestyle
health promotion- the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to
move toward a state of optimal health; the process of advocating health to enhance
the probability that the person support positive health practices will become a
societal norm
Levels of Prevention
primary
o health promotion and specific protection
secondary
o early diagnosis
o prompt treatment
o disability limitation
o ex. Screening to treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by
averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease
tertiary
o restoration and rehabilitation
*diagram page 10- 3 levels of prevention
Health Promotion model
incorporates
o stages of change
o decisional balance
o self-efficacy
o processes of change
o six stages of change:
precontemplative- not considering change
contemplative- aware but not considering change soon
preparation- planning to change
action- has begun to make behavioral change
maintenance- continued commitment to behavior
relapse- reverted to old behavior
The nurses role
shifting from acute, hospital based care to preventative community based care
must assume blended roles with a knowledge base using evidence- based practice
greater emphasis on promoting and maximizing health
Evidence based practice
using research findings to make decisions
Health Defined
Models of health
Wellness- illness continuum
o Health as dichotomy
o High-level wellness
Sense of well being, life satisfaction, and quality of life
o Negative end
Adaptation to disease/ disability
Social determinant of health
Factors in a society that have an influence on health and the options available to
people to improve or maintain their health
Models of Health
Clinical
o Health is defined as Absence of signs or symptoms of disease or illness ;
prevention not emphasized
Role performance
o Health based on whether person can perform societal roles
Adaptive
o Abilities to adapt positively to social, mental, and physiological change
Eudaimonistic model
o Exuberant well-being: interaction and inter relationships in multiple aspects
of life
*compare and contrast different type of models
High-level wellness
Wellness is positive state with increases in health beyond midpoint of continuum
Dunn (1961) expanded concept of health to include favorability of environment
Progressions toward a higher level of functioning
Emphasizes interrelationship between environment and health on personal and
societal level
Eudaimonistic model
Aspects predate clinical model
Congruent with integrative modes of therapy
Address more comprehensive health needs
Compatible with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
Health is more broadly defined and can encompass more individuals and more
diverse life circumstances
,Key Health Concepts
Functioning- levels reflected in terms of performance/ social expectations; loss
indicator of need for nursing intervention
Health- state of physical, mental, spiritual and social functioning within
developmental context, both individual and societal responsibility
Disease- failure of adaptive mechanisms, results in functional or structural
disturbances
Illness- subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease-
psychological, spiritual and social components
What is nursing?
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities;
prevention of illness and injury; treating medical response to treatment and
diagnosis; advocacy in the care of individuals
Nursing interventions
Care for patients and follow the nursing process
Any task that a nurse does to or for a patient
Making a plan and setting goals for the patient
Nursing process- the essential core of practice for the registered nurse to deliver
holistic, patient- focused care
Planning for health
Previous focus was just on disease prevention
We need to promote health
healthy people iniative started in 1979 by US department of Health, Education, and
welfare
call to action to set goals for every 10 years
interest waned during the 1980s
healthy people 2020- renewed interest- became landmark document (initiated
1990)
Health model- Potter and Perry
Healthy People Iniative
healthy people 2000
o goal- increase span of healthy life, reduce health disparities, create access to
preventive services for all
o set 22 areas of achievement but by 1995, 30% of goals lacked progress
healthy people 2010
healthy people 2020
o health promotion and disease prevention efforts
, Definition of health and health promotion
health- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being. Not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity; a state of physical and mental being that people
define in relation to the their own values, personality, and lifestyle
health promotion- the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to
move toward a state of optimal health; the process of advocating health to enhance
the probability that the person support positive health practices will become a
societal norm
Levels of Prevention
primary
o health promotion and specific protection
secondary
o early diagnosis
o prompt treatment
o disability limitation
o ex. Screening to treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by
averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease
tertiary
o restoration and rehabilitation
*diagram page 10- 3 levels of prevention
Health Promotion model
incorporates
o stages of change
o decisional balance
o self-efficacy
o processes of change
o six stages of change:
precontemplative- not considering change
contemplative- aware but not considering change soon
preparation- planning to change
action- has begun to make behavioral change
maintenance- continued commitment to behavior
relapse- reverted to old behavior
The nurses role
shifting from acute, hospital based care to preventative community based care
must assume blended roles with a knowledge base using evidence- based practice
greater emphasis on promoting and maximizing health
Evidence based practice
using research findings to make decisions
