N5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
Module 2 part 1 Core Concept and Objectives with Advanced
Organizers
Fluid and Electrolytes
● 1. Analyze the pathologic consequences of fluid volume disorders on the mechanisms
of fluid homeostasis.
a. Explain the three main fluid compartments and describe how fluid shifts between the
compartments and the implications for clinical practice.
Fluid Compartments Definition Pattern of Fluid Shifts Clinical Implications
Intravascular The intravascular Both in and out of Volume overload
space contains 20% the interstitial and Venous retention
of the total body intracellular spaces Increased venous
water. pressure
Hypertonic IV edema
solution, when
administered, will
increase the solute
concentration in the
intravascular space.
Interstitial The interstitial space Due to the increase Fluid will shift from
contains 20% of the in solute intracellular into the
total body water. concentration in the extracellular space
intravascular space, (intravascular).
water will flow via
osmosis from the Edema:
, extracellular space Accumulation of
to the intravascular fluid in interstitial
space. This will space
leave the -influenced by
extravascular space increased hydrostatic
with a higher pressure, low plasma
concentration of oncotic pressure,
solutes than the increased cap
intracellular space. membrane
permeability,
lymphatic channel
obstruction
Intracellular The intracellular Fluid flows via The cell will
space contains the osmosis from the continue to shrink.
largest portion of the intracellular space
total body water into the
(40%).
extracellular space
to equalize the
concentration of
solutes. This will
cause the cell to
shrink. Water will
continue to flow
into the
intravascular space
from the
extracellular space
if the intravascular
space still remains
more concentrated
than the
extracellular space.
b. Analyze the principles of fluid balance and describe the implications for clinical practice.
Mechanisms of Fluid Definition Clinical Implications
Balance
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
Module 2 part 1 Core Concept and Objectives with Advanced
Organizers
Fluid and Electrolytes
● 1. Analyze the pathologic consequences of fluid volume disorders on the mechanisms
of fluid homeostasis.
a. Explain the three main fluid compartments and describe how fluid shifts between the
compartments and the implications for clinical practice.
Fluid Compartments Definition Pattern of Fluid Shifts Clinical Implications
Intravascular The intravascular Both in and out of Volume overload
space contains 20% the interstitial and Venous retention
of the total body intracellular spaces Increased venous
water. pressure
Hypertonic IV edema
solution, when
administered, will
increase the solute
concentration in the
intravascular space.
Interstitial The interstitial space Due to the increase Fluid will shift from
contains 20% of the in solute intracellular into the
total body water. concentration in the extracellular space
intravascular space, (intravascular).
water will flow via
osmosis from the Edema:
, extracellular space Accumulation of
to the intravascular fluid in interstitial
space. This will space
leave the -influenced by
extravascular space increased hydrostatic
with a higher pressure, low plasma
concentration of oncotic pressure,
solutes than the increased cap
intracellular space. membrane
permeability,
lymphatic channel
obstruction
Intracellular The intracellular Fluid flows via The cell will
space contains the osmosis from the continue to shrink.
largest portion of the intracellular space
total body water into the
(40%).
extracellular space
to equalize the
concentration of
solutes. This will
cause the cell to
shrink. Water will
continue to flow
into the
intravascular space
from the
extracellular space
if the intravascular
space still remains
more concentrated
than the
extracellular space.
b. Analyze the principles of fluid balance and describe the implications for clinical practice.
Mechanisms of Fluid Definition Clinical Implications
Balance
