NURS 303 Pre Exam 4 Homework NURS 302.

Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary End Organ CRF (corticotropin releasing hormone) ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone and cortisol *Be thinking about what that release then leads to* -Aldosterone promotes retention to maintain sodium and water homeostasis/Cortisol is released to help with illness, regulate metabolism, stimulate glucose production, and is also released during time of stress. GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone) GH (growth hormone) The hypothalamus releases GHRH to stimulate the AP to secrete GH which encourages growth throughout the body, as well as, metabolism and body structure promotion. PRH (prolactin releasing hormone) PRL (prolactin) The hypothalamus releases PRH to stimulate the AP to secrete PRL which encourages cells in the breast to create/secrete breast milk. TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) The hypothalamus releases TRH to stimulate the AP to secrete TSH which allows the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4 which stimulates metabolism in the body. Too much causes hyperthyroidism and too little causes hypothyroidism. GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) LH (Luteinizing Hormone) The hypothalamus releases GnRH to stimulate the AP to secrete LH which in females, triggers ovulation and development of corpus luteum and in males, stimulates production of testosterone. It acts alongside of FSH. GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) The hypothalamus releases GnRH to stimulate the AP to secrete FSH which is essential to pubertal development and the function of women’s ovaries/men’s testes. It stimulates ovarian follicles and spermatogenesis. Posterior Pituitary ADH (vasopressin) The hypothalamus produces ADH, and the PP stores and release it. The purpose of ADH is to alert the kidneys of how much water to conserve. Oxytocin The hypothalamus synthesizes oxytocin, which are stored and released by the posterior pituitary. Pancreas Insulin A hormone produced by the best cells of the islets of Langerhans; specialized tissue within the pancreas. The rise in blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release insulin; this, in turn, causes rapid uptake, storage, and use of glucose by almost all cells of the body. Glucagon A hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, has several functions that counteract insulin action. It can be referred to as a hyperglycemic hormone because it works to increase the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Directions: Fill in the blanks on the chart below. The first row is completed as an example Directions: For each of the following disorders, identify whether the hormone level is high, low, or normal. The purpose of this activity is to help students understand primary, secondary, and tertiary endocrine disorders and how laboratory values reflect these conditions. Primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders of the endocrine system: • Primary disorders originate in the target organ • Secondary disorders originate in the pituitary causing a problem in the target organ • Tertiary disorders originate in the hypothalamus and cause a problem in both the pituitary gland and the target organ Condition Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary End Organ Primary adrenal hyperfunction Low Low High Secondary thyroid hypofunction Normal Low Low Secondary adrenal hyperfunction Normal High High Primary thyroid hyperfunction Low Low High Tertiary thyroid hypofunction Low Low Low Primary thyroid hypofunction High High Low Tertiary adrenal hyperfunction High High High Directions: Read the case study and complete the questions. Janelle, a 30-year-old woman, presents at her primary care office complaining of feeling nervous and anxious. She states that she even feels as if her heart is racing because she is “so stressed out.” Janelle would like to be prescribed anti-anxiety medication.