Asymptomatic bradycardia treatments -
What is cardiac tamponade?
- Fluid in the pericardial sac causing decreasing preload. This decreases SV
and ultimately CO.
Effects of Hyper/Hypokalemia and calcemia on EKG
- Hypokalemia causes U waves
Hyperkalemia causes peaked T waves
Normal BP? - 90-120/60-80
Normal HR? - 60-100 bpm
Normal CO? - 4-8 L/min
Normal SVR? - 800-1,200 dynes/seconds
Normal PVR? - 37-250 dynes/sec/cm5
Normal SVo2? - 60-80%
Normal PAP?
- Systolic: 15-30 mm Hg
Diastolic: 4-12 mm Hg
Normal CVP? - 2-6 mmHg
V-fib in relation to CO
- V-fib produces an ineffective stroke, decreasing SV and CO.
RV failure - treatment after RV MI - Right sided measurements are more
related to fluid balance and build up of fluid in the peripheral side. RV failure
leads to insufficient LV preload. The result is low SV and CO. Treatment
involves fluid loading with hypertonic fluids (3% saline, mannitol, 20%
albumin)