NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Epigenetics
Defects in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins
Housekeeping Genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body’s cells.
What characteristic is associated with these genes?
They lack encoding histones
Mutations in the encoding of histone modifying proteins have been shown to
influence the development of what congenital condition?
Acephalous
Epigenetics refers to chemical modification that are made to what?
Both the DNA and the histones
Signals to change or modify epigenetic tags are received from where?
Contact with other cells, hormones and environmental factors.
What sort of molecule is responsible for transferring signals into cells to gen
regulatory proteins?
Proteins
Mutations in the encoding of histone-modification proteins have been shown to
influence the development of what congenial condition?
Heart Disease
Epigenetics and its role on human development
Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modification can result
from deficient in utero nutrition causing?
Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes
1
, During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the
greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities?
In utero
The difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications is?
Epigenetic modification can be reversed.
Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modification can result
from deficient in utero nutrition causing which chronic disease?
Obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes
Totipotent cells and its ability to differentiate into any type of cell
Which embryonic stem cell characteristic is referred to as a totipotent?
Ability to differentiate into any type of somatic cell
Examples of two totipotent cells are?
A zygote and Cells in the early embryo up to 5 days
What is a Totipotent cell?
Totipotent cells are cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found
in the body.
Are all cells Totipotent cells?
No. Only the fertilized egg and the cells produced by the first few cell
divisions (in the Embryonic Development phase) are Totipotent cells.
Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome?
What characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome is not a characteristic of Angelman
syndrome?
it is inherited from the father
A child with Prader-Willi syndrome has been hospitalized. Which assessment findings
does the nurse expect with this syndrome?
Insatiable hunger
2
, The nurse is examining an 8-year-old boy with chromosomal abnormalities. Which
sign or symptom suggests the boy has Angelman syndrome?
Observation shows jerky ataxic movement similar to a puppet's gait.
Cellular Proliferation
5-Azacytidine and the treatment of cancer
What is 5-azacytidine? Nucleoside analog able to be incorporated into RNA & DNA
5- Azactytide has demonstrated promise in the treatment of which form of cancer?
Pancreatic
the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer
What is the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon
cancer? DNA damage is left unrepaired
Effects of ethanol on neural stem cells ability to differentiate into functional neurons-
Research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to
differentiate into functional neurons when subjected to?
Ethanol
Inflammation as an etiology for cancer-note conditions in which this may occur
What chronic inflammatory conditions can increase risk for cancer?
HIV, hepatitis, h-pylori, bronchitis, pancreatitis
Cancer
In terms of epigenetic modifications, the role of environmental stressors associated with
development of cancer
When considering abnormal epigenetics modifications, what factor is currently being
viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers? Environmental
stressors
3
Epigenetics
Defects in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins
Housekeeping Genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body’s cells.
What characteristic is associated with these genes?
They lack encoding histones
Mutations in the encoding of histone modifying proteins have been shown to
influence the development of what congenital condition?
Acephalous
Epigenetics refers to chemical modification that are made to what?
Both the DNA and the histones
Signals to change or modify epigenetic tags are received from where?
Contact with other cells, hormones and environmental factors.
What sort of molecule is responsible for transferring signals into cells to gen
regulatory proteins?
Proteins
Mutations in the encoding of histone-modification proteins have been shown to
influence the development of what congenial condition?
Heart Disease
Epigenetics and its role on human development
Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modification can result
from deficient in utero nutrition causing?
Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes
1
, During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the
greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities?
In utero
The difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications is?
Epigenetic modification can be reversed.
Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modification can result
from deficient in utero nutrition causing which chronic disease?
Obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes
Totipotent cells and its ability to differentiate into any type of cell
Which embryonic stem cell characteristic is referred to as a totipotent?
Ability to differentiate into any type of somatic cell
Examples of two totipotent cells are?
A zygote and Cells in the early embryo up to 5 days
What is a Totipotent cell?
Totipotent cells are cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found
in the body.
Are all cells Totipotent cells?
No. Only the fertilized egg and the cells produced by the first few cell
divisions (in the Embryonic Development phase) are Totipotent cells.
Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome?
What characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome is not a characteristic of Angelman
syndrome?
it is inherited from the father
A child with Prader-Willi syndrome has been hospitalized. Which assessment findings
does the nurse expect with this syndrome?
Insatiable hunger
2
, The nurse is examining an 8-year-old boy with chromosomal abnormalities. Which
sign or symptom suggests the boy has Angelman syndrome?
Observation shows jerky ataxic movement similar to a puppet's gait.
Cellular Proliferation
5-Azacytidine and the treatment of cancer
What is 5-azacytidine? Nucleoside analog able to be incorporated into RNA & DNA
5- Azactytide has demonstrated promise in the treatment of which form of cancer?
Pancreatic
the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer
What is the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon
cancer? DNA damage is left unrepaired
Effects of ethanol on neural stem cells ability to differentiate into functional neurons-
Research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to
differentiate into functional neurons when subjected to?
Ethanol
Inflammation as an etiology for cancer-note conditions in which this may occur
What chronic inflammatory conditions can increase risk for cancer?
HIV, hepatitis, h-pylori, bronchitis, pancreatitis
Cancer
In terms of epigenetic modifications, the role of environmental stressors associated with
development of cancer
When considering abnormal epigenetics modifications, what factor is currently being
viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers? Environmental
stressors
3
