NR 503 WEEK 4 MIDTERM EXAM
(REAL EXAM Q & A)
Question 1
Which of the following statements best describe efficacy?
It is an estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
Question 2
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for reducing
heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an additional study
is done restricting the participants to be r&omized to those who have a history of
hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot be claimed by the researchers?
The generalizability of the study is increased
Question 3
What is the main advantage of the r&omization of the 168 study participants to one of
the two drug treatment groups?
Reduces the potential for selection bias in allocation of treatment group
, Question 4
After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who had
a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other cardiovascular
diseases such as congestive heart failure, & those with a first AMI who were at low risk
for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes the study design?
R&omized clinical trial with stratified r&omization
Question 5
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men,
while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to be
true?
R&omization was successful since the investigators did not alter the selection of
participants in either group in order to ensure equal percentages of men
Question 6
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months & found that 87% of participants
in the placebo group & 85% of those in the drug X group had taken more than 90% of
their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this finding?
The characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the treatment dosages should
be assessed as they may differ from those who complied
Question 7
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study as
a double-blind trial?
Double blinding ensures that potential biases regarding selection, follow-up, & analysis
can be reduced
, Question 8
A multicenter double-blind r&omized study was carried out to compare the effect of
drug X with that of a placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Treatment with the drug started 7 days after infarction in 1,884 patients, 52% of all
persons who were evaluated for entry into the study. 945 participants were r&omized to
treatment with drug X while 939 were assigned to the placebo group. Patients were
then followed for 12 months for reinfarction. There were 152 deaths in the placebo
group & 98 in the group receiving drug X.
The researchers conclude that treatment with drug X reduces mortality in patients who
have had an AMI. The researchers are:
Correct because the rate of death is decreased in the drug X group
Question 9
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were r&omized to one of four groups: control group C who received no
intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to
quit smoking, quitting guide & support group QS who received quitting brochures as
well as social support brochures listing benefits of smoking cessation, & telephone
support group T who received the brochures & a monthly phone call from a counselor.
Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, & 24 months after r&omization. The
results after 2 years are in the table below. Which group had the least success in terms
of quitting smoking?
Group QS
Question 10
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were r&omized to one of four groups: control group C who received no
intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to
(REAL EXAM Q & A)
Question 1
Which of the following statements best describe efficacy?
It is an estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
Question 2
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for reducing
heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an additional study
is done restricting the participants to be r&omized to those who have a history of
hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot be claimed by the researchers?
The generalizability of the study is increased
Question 3
What is the main advantage of the r&omization of the 168 study participants to one of
the two drug treatment groups?
Reduces the potential for selection bias in allocation of treatment group
, Question 4
After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who had
a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other cardiovascular
diseases such as congestive heart failure, & those with a first AMI who were at low risk
for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes the study design?
R&omized clinical trial with stratified r&omization
Question 5
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men,
while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to be
true?
R&omization was successful since the investigators did not alter the selection of
participants in either group in order to ensure equal percentages of men
Question 6
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months & found that 87% of participants
in the placebo group & 85% of those in the drug X group had taken more than 90% of
their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this finding?
The characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the treatment dosages should
be assessed as they may differ from those who complied
Question 7
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study as
a double-blind trial?
Double blinding ensures that potential biases regarding selection, follow-up, & analysis
can be reduced
, Question 8
A multicenter double-blind r&omized study was carried out to compare the effect of
drug X with that of a placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Treatment with the drug started 7 days after infarction in 1,884 patients, 52% of all
persons who were evaluated for entry into the study. 945 participants were r&omized to
treatment with drug X while 939 were assigned to the placebo group. Patients were
then followed for 12 months for reinfarction. There were 152 deaths in the placebo
group & 98 in the group receiving drug X.
The researchers conclude that treatment with drug X reduces mortality in patients who
have had an AMI. The researchers are:
Correct because the rate of death is decreased in the drug X group
Question 9
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were r&omized to one of four groups: control group C who received no
intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to
quit smoking, quitting guide & support group QS who received quitting brochures as
well as social support brochures listing benefits of smoking cessation, & telephone
support group T who received the brochures & a monthly phone call from a counselor.
Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, & 24 months after r&omization. The
results after 2 years are in the table below. Which group had the least success in terms
of quitting smoking?
Group QS
Question 10
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were r&omized to one of four groups: control group C who received no
intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to
