Question 1
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day
for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed
with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this
patient is
Selected b. cigarette
Answer: smoking.
Correct b. cigarette
Answer: smoking.
Respo The most likely contributing factor for the
nse development of lung cancer is cigarette
Feedb smoking. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds
ack: of compounds, many of which have known
genotoxicity and probably serve as initiators.
Tobacco smoke also contains promoters,
which spur the mutant cells to proliferate.
Although a high-fat diet, urban pollutants,
and a stressful lifestyle have been implicated
in some types of cancer, they are not the
likely contributing factor in your patient’s
lung cancer.
1. Question 2
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system
and are mediated by
Selected b.
Answer: norepinephrine.
Correct b.
Answer: norepinephrine.
Respo Norepinephrine is secreted in response to
nse activation of the sympathetic nervous
Feedb system during stress by the adrenal
ack: medulla. Cortisol is secreted by the
adrenal cortex. Glucagon is secreted by
the pancreas. ACTH is secreted by the
pituitary gland.
, 1. Question 3
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must
understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a
condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.
Selecte b.
d True
Answe
r:
Correct b.
Answe True
r:
Resp The sensitivity of any test refers
onse to the probability that the test
Feed will be positive when applied to
back a person with the condition and
: will not provide a false negative
result. In contrast, specificity is
the probability that a test will be
negative when applied to a
person who does not have a
given condition.
1. Question 4
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except
Selecte b.
d necrosis.
Answer
:
Correct b.
Answer necrosis.
:
Resp Necrosis refers to death of
onse cells/tissue and is not reversible.
Feed Metaplasia refers to the replacement
back: of one differentiated cell type with
, another from persistent injury and is
reversible when the injury stops.
Atrophy occurs because of lack of
use of an organ and is reversible.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the
number of cells from increased
physiologic demands or hormonal
stimulation and is reversible.
1. Question 5
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Coagulative necrosis is caused by
Selected a. interrupted blood
Answer: supply.
Correct a. interrupted blood
Answer: supply.
Respon Coagulative necrosis results from interrupted
se blood supply leading to ischemic cell injury.
Feedba Liquefactive necrosis results from dissolving of
ck: dead cells and cyst formation. Fat necrosis is
caused by trauma or pancreatitis. Caseous
necrosis is caused by lung tissue damage such as
that caused by tuberculosis.
1. Question 6
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is
Selecte c.
d P53.
Answe
r:
Correct c.
Answe P53.
r:
Resp The most common tumor-
onse suppressor gene defect
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day
for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed
with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this
patient is
Selected b. cigarette
Answer: smoking.
Correct b. cigarette
Answer: smoking.
Respo The most likely contributing factor for the
nse development of lung cancer is cigarette
Feedb smoking. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds
ack: of compounds, many of which have known
genotoxicity and probably serve as initiators.
Tobacco smoke also contains promoters,
which spur the mutant cells to proliferate.
Although a high-fat diet, urban pollutants,
and a stressful lifestyle have been implicated
in some types of cancer, they are not the
likely contributing factor in your patient’s
lung cancer.
1. Question 2
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system
and are mediated by
Selected b.
Answer: norepinephrine.
Correct b.
Answer: norepinephrine.
Respo Norepinephrine is secreted in response to
nse activation of the sympathetic nervous
Feedb system during stress by the adrenal
ack: medulla. Cortisol is secreted by the
adrenal cortex. Glucagon is secreted by
the pancreas. ACTH is secreted by the
pituitary gland.
, 1. Question 3
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must
understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a
condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.
Selecte b.
d True
Answe
r:
Correct b.
Answe True
r:
Resp The sensitivity of any test refers
onse to the probability that the test
Feed will be positive when applied to
back a person with the condition and
: will not provide a false negative
result. In contrast, specificity is
the probability that a test will be
negative when applied to a
person who does not have a
given condition.
1. Question 4
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except
Selecte b.
d necrosis.
Answer
:
Correct b.
Answer necrosis.
:
Resp Necrosis refers to death of
onse cells/tissue and is not reversible.
Feed Metaplasia refers to the replacement
back: of one differentiated cell type with
, another from persistent injury and is
reversible when the injury stops.
Atrophy occurs because of lack of
use of an organ and is reversible.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the
number of cells from increased
physiologic demands or hormonal
stimulation and is reversible.
1. Question 5
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
Coagulative necrosis is caused by
Selected a. interrupted blood
Answer: supply.
Correct a. interrupted blood
Answer: supply.
Respon Coagulative necrosis results from interrupted
se blood supply leading to ischemic cell injury.
Feedba Liquefactive necrosis results from dissolving of
ck: dead cells and cyst formation. Fat necrosis is
caused by trauma or pancreatitis. Caseous
necrosis is caused by lung tissue damage such as
that caused by tuberculosis.
1. Question 6
• 0.125 out of 0.125 points
The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is
Selecte c.
d P53.
Answe
r:
Correct c.
Answe P53.
r:
Resp The most common tumor-
onse suppressor gene defect
